The disappointing results of over two decades of activism in the supposedly more liberal climate of post- Communist democracies prompted three renowned experts to exchange their views, sometimes contradicting one another, about the situation of Roma in Eastern Europe. Their forthright views challenged other stakeholders who discussed those burning issues at a workshop, the distilled text of which constitutes the fourth chapter of the book. While no straightforward solutions are offered the pre-eminence of the contributors and the lively ensuing arguments guarantee that this book will become a touchstone for future debate in a time when pro-Roma policies are facing ever-growing threats amidst the crisis in Europe.