The open research center project "Interdisciplinary fundamental research toward realization of a quantum computer" has been supported by the Ministry of Education, Japan for five years. This book is a collection of the research outcomes by the members engaged in the project.

Computing with Quanta (M Nakahara); Implementation of a Selective Two-Qubit Gate Operation in a Neutral Atom Quantum Computer (E Hosseini L, K Kasamatsu, Y Kondo, M Nakahara and T Ohmi); Magnetic Resonance as an Experimental Device for Quantum Computing Research (M Chiba and Y Kondo); Quantum Computing and Number Theory (Y Sasaki); Linear Preservers in Nonclassical Correlation Theories: An Introduction (A Saitoh, R Rahimi and M Nakahara); Identification of the Hamiltonian of a 3-Particle Ising Model with Local Transverse Fields (M A Fasihi, S Tanaka, M Nakahara and Y Kondo); How to Evaluate the Area Surrounded by Segments on a Unit Sphere? (Y Kondo); Microscopic Properties of Quantum Annealing. Application to Fully Frustrated Ising Systems (S Tanaka); Implementation of Unitary Quantum Error Correction (H Tomita); NMR Spectroscopic Studies of Light-Harvesting Bacteriochlorophylls Purified from Green Sulfur Photosynthetic Bacteria (Y Hirai and Y Saga); Spectroscopic Studies of Individual Extramembranous Lightharvesting Complexes of Green Photosynthetic Bacteria (Y Saga); Entanglement Operator for a Multi-Qubit System (C Bagnasco, Y Kondo and M Nakahara); Some Topics in Coding Theory (K Chinen).