FOREWORD ix PREFACE xi CONTRIBUTORS xv PART I MEMBRANE MATERIAL AND MEMBRANE DEVELOPMENT 1 1 Spinning Effect of Polyethersulfone Hollow Fiber Membrane Prepared by Water or Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Ternary Formulation 3Nurmin Bolong, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, and Mohd Razman Salim 2 Effect of Inorganic Particle on the Performance of Polyethersulfone-Cellulose Acetate Ultrafi ltration Membranes 11Gangasalam Arthanareeswaran and Radhe Shyam Thakur 3 Characterizations of Newly Developed Bacterial Cellulose–Chitosan Membrane with Pyrroline 29Siti Nur Hidayah Mohamad, Norhayati Pa’e, Abdul Halim Mohammad Yusof, and Ida Idayu Muhamad 4 Effect of Posttreatment to Enhance the Performance of Nanofi ltration Asymmetric Membrane in Atrazine-Herbicide Removing Process 41Nora’aini Ali, Nurbaiti Abdul Hanid, Asmadi Ali, Ahmad Jusoh, and Marinah Ariffin 5 Polyacrylonitrile Nanofi ber Assembled by Electrospinning: Effect of Dope Concentrations on the Structural and Pore Characterizations 51Agung Mataram, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, and Takeshi Matsuura PART II APPLICATIONS IN GAS AND VAPOR TREATMENT 59 6 Polymer Structures and Carbon Dioxide Permeation Properties in Polymer Membranes 61Shinji Kanehashi, Shuichi Sato, and Kazukiyo Nagai 7 Gas Permeability and Electrical Properties of 6FDA-Based Polyimide Membranes 75Shuichi Sato, Sou Miyata, Shinji Kanehashi, and Kazukiyo Nagai 8 Polymeric Nanocomposite Membranes for Gas Separation 87Ghader Khanbabaei, Jamal Aalaei, and Ali Rahmatpour 9 Preparation of Perovskite Titania Ceramic Membrane by Sol-Gel Method 95Abdul Latif Ahmad, Sani N. A. Abdullah, and Sharif Hussein Sharif Zein PART III APPLICATIONS IN WATER TREATMENT 105 10 Fouling Characteristics and Cleaning Strategies of a PVDF Tubular Ultrafi ltration Membrane in Natural Rubber Skim Latex Concentration Process 107Devaraj Veerasamy and Zairossani Mohd Nor 11 Removal of Diethanolamine (DEA) from Wastewater Using Membrane Separation Processes 123Binyam Seyoum, Hilmi Mukhtar, and Kok Keong Lau 12 The Effect of Chitosan Membrane Preparation Parameters on Removal of Copper Ions 143Azadeh Ghaee, Mojtaba Shariaty-Niassar, and Jalal Barzin 13 Analysis of Fouling and Flux Behavior in Cross-Flow Microfi ltration of Nonalcoholic Beer by Ceramic Membrane 157Mehdi Yazdanshenas, Seyyed Ali Reza Tabatabaei Nejad, Mohammad Soltanieh, and Luc Fillaudeau 14 Comparison and Upgrading of Wastewater Treatment Plants for Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse by Means of Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Technology 169Mahdi Khosravi, Gagik Badalians Gholikandi, and Hamid Reza Tashaouei PART IV APPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENT 179 15 Surface Treatment and Characterization of Polypropylene Hollow Fibers by Sol-Gel Method for Liquid Phase Microextraction 181Mohd Marsin Sanagi, Yanuardi Raharjo, Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim, Ahmedy Abu Naim, Syairah Salleh, and Mazidatulakmam Miskam 16 Effect of Different Additives on the Properties and Performance of Porous Polysulfone Hollow Fiber Membranes for CO2 Absorption 191Amir Mansourizadeh, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, and Mohammad Ali Aroon 17 Absorption of Carbon Dioxide through Flat-Sheet Membranes Using Various Aqueous Liquid Absorbents 203Abdul Latif Ahmad, Sunarti Abd Rahman, and W. James Noel Fernando 18 Preparation and Characterization of W/O Emulsion Liquid Membrane Containing Diethanolamine (DEA) for Carbon Dioxide Separation from Gas Mixtures 211Khairul Sozana Nor Kamarudin and Inamullah Bhatti 19 Removal of Dyes from Liquid Waste Solution: Study on Liquid Membrane Component Selection and Stability 221Norasikin Othman, Norlisa Mili, Ani Idris, and Siti Nazrah Zailani PART V APPLICATIONS IN ENERGY 231 20 Modeling and Analysis of Solar-Powered Membrane Distillation Unit for Seawater Desalination 233Fawzi Banat and Mohammed Al-Jarrah 21 Polystyrene Ionomers Functionalized with Partially Fluorinated Short Side-Chain Sulfonic Acid for Fuel Cell Membrane Applications 243Ying Chang and Chulsung Bae 22 Contribution of Nanoclays to the Barrier Properties of SPEEK/Cloisite15A® Nanocomposite Membrane for DMFC Application 251Juhana Jaafar and Ahmad Fauzi Ismail 23 Purification of Biogas Using Carbon Nanotubes Mixed Matrix Membrane: Effect of Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes Using Silane Agent 267Tutuk Joko Kusworo, Abdullah Busairi, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Azeman Mustafa, and Buiyono 24 Selectivity of Polymeric Solvent Resistant Nanofiltration Membranes for Biodiesel Separation 277Rahimah Othman, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Manal Ismail, and Jumat Salimon PART VI OTHER INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS 289 25 Pervaporation Performance of Methyl Tert Buthyl Ether/Methanol Mixtures through Natural Rubber/Polystyrene Interpenetrating Polymer Network Membranes 291Mohd Ghazali Mohd Nawawi, Nur Azrini Ramlee, and Fathie Ahmad Zakil 26 P-Xylene Separation from Ternary Xylene Mixture Over Silicalite-1 Membrane: Process Optimization 299Yin Fong Yeong, Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah, Abdul Latif Ahmad, and Subhash Bhatia 27 Ammonia Removal from Saline Water by Direct Contact Membrane Distillation 309Rosalam Sarbatly and Chel-Ken Chiam INDEX 319
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