Biographical note

Daniel Barredo Ibáñez is an Emergia Fellow at the Department of Journalism (University of Malaga, Spain), thanks to the Department of University, Research, and Innovation of the Andalusian Regional Government. He is an Invited Researcher at the Fudan Development Institute of the Fudan University (China). His interdisciplinary work explores three lines of research: studies on public opinion and the media, studies on violence in Latin America, and international studies in a comparative key. He has a doctorate in Journalism from the University of Malaga, a master's degree and an expert in Communication and a degree in Hispanic Philology and Audiovisual Communication from the University of Granada. He has an H index of 21.

Laura M. Castro is a professor at the University of A Coruña (Spain), where she has been lecturing for fifteen years. She coordinates several undergraduate courses on Software Architecture and Software Testing, and between 2017 and 2022 she was the studies coordinator for the Degree in Software Engineering. Since January 2022, she is the head of the CICAS Chair, created to boost Open Science through Open Software. Her research interests focus mainly on the automatic validation of distributed systems. She has supervised three PhD thesis and acted as PI in several European projects. She is also actively involved in numerous dissemination activities, in particular for the visibility of women in STEM, as a member of ACM-W Europe.

Araceli Espinosa Márquez is a research professor at the Institute of Government Sciences and Strategic Development, where she is attached to the Center for Strategic Development Studies at the three Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (Mexico). She is currently developing these lines of research: "ICTS and Electronic Surveillance with a Human Rights approach"; "Public Opinion, Political Marketing and Electoral Integrity in Mexico" and "Migration, Social Vulnerability, Sustainable Development and Public Policy". She has been a leader and collaborator in different research projects with public funding by the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla and by the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico. She is author and editor of several books and scientific and popular articles.

Iván Puentes Rivera, Ph.D. in communication, a master in research in communication, and a graduate in advertising and public relations from the University of Vigo; he is Professor at the University of Vigo, as well as Technical Secretary of XESCOM (International Network for Research in Communication Management). His main lines of research focus on political communication and electoral campaigns, public relations in this field, disinformation, and fact-checking in political debate and electoral debates on television. Along with this, he also highlights his research work in relation to public television and, in particular, about transparency in radio and television broadcasters of this type. Outside the university, he has a wealth of professional experience in the field of public management and communication.

Paulo Carlos López-López is a PhD Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science and Sociology at the University of Santiago de Compostela (USC). Ph.D. in Communication and Ph.D. in Political Science, journalist, and political scientist. He is a member of the International Research Network on Communication Management and the Political Research Team of the USC. He has published more than ninety scientific papers on topics such as communication, technologies, social media, and political science. He was the director of the group "Media, Applied Technologies, and Communication" and the director of a postgraduate degree in Political Communication in Ecuador. He was awarded the Drago 2019 research award for his study on transparency and has work experience on electoral campaigns, organizational communication, press office, and parliament management.  He has an h-Index 13.