This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 1st International Congress on Blockchain and Applications 2021, BLOCKCHAIN’21, held in Salamanca, Spain, in October 2021. Among the scientific community, blockchain and artificial intelligence are a promising combination that will transform the production and manufacturing industry, media, finance, insurance, e-government, etc. Nevertheless, there is no consensus with schemes or best practices that would specify how blockchain and artificial intelligence should be used together. The 38 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from over 44 submissions. They contain the latest advances on blockchain and artificial intelligence and on their application domains, exploring innovative ideas, guidelines, theories, models, technologies, and tools and identifying critical issues and challenges that researchers and practitioners must deal with in future research.