Part I: WRITING. 1. Reading, Writing, and the Rhetorical Situation. Understanding the Rhetorical Situation. Applying Rhetorical Knowledge. Academic Reading and Writing. Genres and Formats of Academic Reading and Writing. 2. Planning and Drafting Essays. Stages of the Writing Process. Developing a Thesis Statement. Creating an Outline. 3. Developing Paragraphs. Stating the Main Idea. Developing the Main Point. Choosing Methods for Developing Paragraphs. Making Paragraphs Unified and Coherent. 4. Revising and Editing Essays. Revising for Unity and Coherence. Revising and Editing Paragraphs. Getting Response. Editing and Proofreading. 5. Critical Reading and Textual Analysis. Critical Reading.Textual Analysis. Basic Appeals in an Argument. Avoiding Rhetorical Fallacies. 6. Writing Arguments. Considering Differing Viewpoints. Distinguishing Between Fact and Opinion. Taking a Position or Making a Claim.Providing Evidence for an Effective Argument.Using Appeals to Ground Your Argument. Organizing an Effective Argument. Sample Argument. 7. Designing Documents. Elements of Design. Use of Visuals. Effective Use of Pictures. Part II: RESEARCH. 8. Planning Research. Considering Your Assignment. Formulating Research Questions. Testing Research Questions. Creating a Research Plan. 9. Finding Appropriate Sources. Considering Kinds of Sources. Searching Electronically. Locating Reference Works. Locating Articles. Locating Books. Locating Online Sources. Keeping Track of Your Sources. Doing Field Research. 10. Evaluating Print and Online Sources. Credibility of Authors.Credibility of Publishers.Reliability of Online Sources.Recognizing Fake News. Reading Closely and Critically. 11. Using Sources Critically and Responsibly. Taking and Organizing Notes. Creating a Working Bibliography. Creating an Annotated Bibliography. Acknowledging Your Sources. Using Direct Quotations. Paraphrasing. Summarizing. Analyzing and Responding to Sources. Synthesizing Sources. Critical Thinking. 12. Crediting Others and Avoiding Plagiarism. Determining What to Acknowledge. Citing Quoted or Paraphrased Material. Understanding Citation and Documentation. Part III: DOCUMENTATION. 13. MLA Documentation. MLA-Style In-Text Citations.MLA Guidelines for Documenting Works Cited.Sample MLA Research Paper. 14. APA Documentation. APA-Style In-Text Citations.APA-Style Reference List.Sample APA-Style Paper. 15. CMS Documentation. CMS Note and Bibliographic Forms.Sample CMS-Style Paper. 16. CSE Documentation. CSE-Style In-Text Citations. CSE-Style List of References. Part IV: GRAMMAR. 17. Sentence Essentials. Parts of Speech. Subjects and Predicates.Complements.Phrases.Clauses. 18. Sentence Fragments. Recognizing Sentence Fragments.Phrases as Sentence Fragments.Dependent Clauses as Sentence Fragments. 19. Comma Splices and Fused Sentences. Locating Comma Splices and Fused Sentences.Revising Comma Splices and Fused Sentences. Using Divided Quotations. 20. Verbs. Verb Forms.Verb Tenses.Verb Tense Consistency.Voice.Mood. Subject-Verb Agreement. 21. Pronouns. Recognizing Pronouns.Pronoun Case.Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement. Clear Pronoun Reference.Pronoun Consistency.Use of First-Person and Second-Person Pronouns. 22. Modifiers. Recognizing Modifiers.Comparatives and Superlatives.Double Negatives.Placement of Modifiers.Dangling Modifiers. Part V: EFFECTIVE SENTENCES. 23. Sentence Unity. Choosing and Arranging Details.Revising Mixed Metaphors.Revising Mixed Constructions.Relating Sentence Parts.Avoiding Is When, Is Where, and Reason…Is Because Constructions. Including Necessary Words.Completing Comparisons. Completing Intensifiers. 24. Subordination and Coordination. Using Subordination Effectively.Using Coordination Effectively.Avoiding Faulty or Excessive Subordination and Coordination. 25. Parallelism. Using Coordinating Conjunctions. Repeating Words and Grammatical Forms for Paired Ideas. Creating Parallelism in Lists, Headings, and Outlines. Using Correlative Conjunctions. 26. Emp