Shakespeare has been viewed by critics both as a secular writer who affirmed the dual nature of man and as a Christian allegorist whose work has a submerged but positive and elaborate pattern of Christian meaning. In_ Shakespeare and the Outer Mystery_, Robert H. West explores the philosophical and supernatural elements of five Shakespearean dramas—_Macbeth_, _Hamlet_, _Othello_, _King Lear_, and _The Tempest_. Through his analysis, West discovers Shakespeare's respect for the mysteries of existence but no clear definition of the philosophical and moral context of his play worlds. An artistic motivation leads Shakespeare to use these elements ambiguously to create a dramatic effect rather than to teach a moral or ideological lesson.