Contents Preface Section I: Introduction The Biology of Homosexuality: Sexual Orientation or Sexual Preference? Section II: Historical and Conceptual Background Introduction On the History of Biological Theories of Homosexuality Homosexuality, Biology, and Ideology Female or Male: The Classification of Homosexuality and Gender Section III: Is Sexual Preference Determined by Heredity? Introduction A Critique of the Possibility of Genetic Inheritance of Homosexual Orientation Is Homosexuality Genetic? A Critical Review and Some Suggestions Wilson’s Panchreston: The Inclusive Fitness Hypothesis of Sociobiology Re-Examined Sexual Preference and Altruism Biological Research on Sexual Orientation: A Critique of the Critics Section IV: Is Sexual Preference Determined by Hormones? Introduction Animal Models for the Development of Human Sexuality: A Critical Evaluation Biomedical Concepts of Homosexuality: Folk Belief in a White Coat Hormones and Sexual Orientation: A Questionable Link Does Peace Prevent Homosexuality? Section V: Is Sexual Preference Determined by the Brain? Introduction Brain Research, Gender, and Sexual Orientation Science and Belief: Psychobiological Research on Sexual Orientation Sexuality in the Brain Section VI: Mislabeling, Social Stigma, Science, and Medicine Introduction Biology of Bisexuality: Critique and Observations Dexterity and Sexuality: Is There a Relationship? Policing “Perversions”: Depo-Provera and John Money’s New Sexual Order Section VII: Conclusion Sexual Expression: A Global Perspective Glossary Index Reference Notes Included