This edition is devoted to analysing materials properties and technologies of materials processing and synthesis. Structural metal materials and technologies of their processing, analysis of corrosion properties of steel, properties and technologies of polymers and composites processing and the practice of application of some additive manufacturing technologies, research and study of building materials properties and fire-resistance of main construction materials, technologies of dye degradation and absorption in industrial wastewater, and examples of using the density functional theory method for computational research of thermoelectric materials and electronic structure of semiconductors are the main topics of this special topic publication. This book will be helpful to a wide range of specialists in machinery, construction, and environmental engineering.