This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Symposium on Mathematical and Computational Oncology, ISMCO'2019, held in Lake Tahoe, NV, USA, in October 2019. The 7 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 30 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections named: Tumor evolvability and intra-tumor heterogeneity; Imaging and scientific visualization for cancer research; Statistical methods and data mining for cancer research (SMDM); Spatio-temporal tumor modeling and simulation (STTMS).