This volume is an outgrowth of the research project "The Inverse Ga­ lois Problem and its Application to Number Theory" which was carried out in three academic years from 1999 to 2001 with the support of the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (1) No.

I. Arithmetic geometry.- The arithmetic of Weierstrass points on modular curves X0(p).- Semistable abelian varieties with small division fields.- Q-curves with rational j-invariants and jacobian surfaces of GL2-type.- Points defined over cyclic quartic extensions on an elliptic curve and generalized Kummer surfaces.- The absolute anabelian geometry of hyperbolic curves.- II. Galois groups and Galois extensions.- Regular Galois realizations of PSL2(p2) over ?(T).- Middle convolution and Galois realizations.- On the essential dimension of p-groups.- Explicit constructions of generic polynomials for some elementary groups.- On dihedral extensions and Frobenius extensions.- On the non-existence of certain Galois extensions.- Frobenius modules and Galois groups.- III. Algebraic number theory.- On quadratic number fields each having an unramified extension which properly contains the Hilbert class field of its genus field.- Distribution of units of an algebraic number field.- On capitulation problem for 3-manifolds.- On the Iwasawa ?-invariant of the cyclotomic ?p-extension of certain quartic fields.- IV. Modular forms and arithmetic functions.- Quasimodular solutions of a differential equation of hypergeometric type.- Special values of the standard zeta functions.- p-adic properties of values of the modular j-function.- Thompson series and Ramanujan’s identities.- Generalized Rademacher functions and some congruence properties.