With contributions from an international array of experts, this book explains why biotechnology companies in different countries are concentrated in a small number of locations and what accounts for their success.

1. G. Fuchs Biotechnology in Coparative Perspective 2. B. Audretsch The Role of Small Firms in US Biotechnology Clusters 3. M. Prevezer The Development of Biotechnology Clusters in the US from the late 1970s to the early 1990s 4. J. Nioisi The Competencies of Regions Canada's Clusters in Biotechnology 5. P. Cooke Geographic Clustering in the UK Biotechnology Sector 6. G. Krauss The 'Rhine-Neckar-Triangle Bioregion': Scientific Excellence and catching up in development 7. V. Mangematin, F. Corolleur, S. Lemarie and A. Torre French Biotech Start-ups and Biotech Clusters in France. The Importance of Geographic Proximity 8. S. Breschi, F. Lissoni and L. Orsenigo Success and Failure in the development of biotechnology clusters: the case of Lombardy 9. C. Enzing Dutch Cluster policy and the Character of Regional Concentration of Biotech Firms 10. G. Schienstock and P. Tulkki The Fourth Pillar? An assessment of the situation of the Finnish Biotechnology