All magnetized planets in our solar system interact strongly with the solar wind and possess well developed magneto tails. This book includes a discussion of why a magnetotail is a fundamental issue in magneto spheric physics. It is a collection of tutorials that cover a large range of magneto tails in our solar system; and more.

Contributors vii

Preface
Andreas Keiling, Caitríona Jackman, and Peter Delamereix

Section I: Introduction

1 Magnetotail: Unsolved Fundamental Problem of Magnetospheric Physics
Vytenis M Vasyliūnas 3

Section II: Tutorials

2 Mercury’s Magnetotail
T Sundberg and J A Slavin 23

3 Magnetotails of Mars and Venus
E Dubinin and M Fraenz 43

4 Earth’s Magnetotail
Robert L McPherron 61

5 Jupiter’s Magnetotail
Norbert Krupp , Elena Kronberg , and Aikaterini Radioti 85

6 Saturn’s Magnetotail
Caitríona M Jackman 99

7 Magnetotails of Uranus and Neptune
C S Arridge 119

8 Satellite Magnetotails
Xianzhe Jia 135

9 Moon’s Plasma Wake
J S Halekas, D A Brain and M Holmström 149

10 Physics of Cometary Magnetospheres
Tamas I Gombosi 169

11 Heliotail
David J McComas 189

Section III: Specialized Topics

12 Formation of Magnetotails: Fast and Slow Rotators Compared
D J Southwood 199

13 Solar Wind Interaction with Giant Magnetospheres and Earth’s Magnetosphere
P A Delamere 217

14 Solar Wind Entry Into and Transport Within Planetary Magnetotails
Simon Wing and Jay R Johnson 235

15 Magnetic Reconnection in Different Environments: Similarities and Differences
Michael Hesse, Nicolas Aunai, Masha Kuznetsova, Seiji Zenitani, and Joachim Birn 259

16 Origin and Evolution of Plasmoids and Flux Ropes in the Magnetotails of Earth and Mars
J P Eastwood and S A Kiehas 269

17 Current Sheets Formation in Planetary Magnetotail
Antonius Otto, Min-Shiu Hsieh, and Fred Hall IV 289

18 Substorms: Plasma and Magnetic Flux Transport from Magnetic Tail into Magnetosphere
Gerhard Haerendel 307

19 Injection, Interchange, and Reconnection: Energetic Particle Observations in Saturn’s Magnetosphere
D G Mitchell, P C Brandt, J F Carbary, W S Kurth, S M Krimigis, C Paranicas, Norbert Krupp, D C Hamilton, B H Mauk, G B Hospodarsky, M K Dougherty, and W R Pryor 327

20 Radiation Belt Electron Acceleration and Role of Magnetotail
Geoffrey D Reeves 345

21 Substorm Current Wedge at Earth and Mercury
L Kepko, K-H Glassmeier, J A Slavin, and T Sundberg 361

22 Review of Global Simulation Studies of Effect of Ionospheric Outflow on Magnetosphere-Ionosphere System Dynamics
M Wiltberger 373

Index 393

All magnetized planets in our solar system (Mercury, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) interact strongly with the solar wind and possess well developed magnetotails. However, Mars and Venus have no global intrinsic magnetic field, yet they possess induced magnetotails. Comets have a magnetotail that is formed by the draping of the interplanetary magnetic field. In the case of planetary satellites (moons), the magnetotail refers to the wake region behind the satellite in the flow of either the solar wind or the magnetosphere of its parent planet. The largest magnetotail in our solar system is the heliotail, the “magnetotail” of the heliosphere. The great differences in solar wind conditions, planetary rotation rates, ionospheric conductivity, and physical dimensions provide an outstanding opportunity to extend our understanding of the influence of these factors on magnetotail processes and structure.

Volume highlights include:

• A discussion of why a magnetotail is a fundamental issue in magnetospheric physics
• A unique collection of tutorials that cover a large range of magnetotails in our solar system
• A comparative approach to magnetotail phenomena, including reconnection, current sheet, rotation rate, plasmoids, and flux robes
• A review of global simulation studies of the effect of ionospheric outflow on the magnetosphere-ionosphere system dynamics

Magnetotails in the Solar System brings together for the first time in one book a collection of tutorials and current developments addressing different types of magnetotails. As a result, this book will appeal to a broad community of space scientists and be of interest to astronomers who are looking at tail-like structures beyond our solar system.

Magnetotails in the Solar System Preface  Andreas Keiling, Caitríona Jackman, Peter Delamere Section I: Introduction 1. The Magnetotail: An Unsolved Fundamental Problem of Magnetospheric Physics Vytenis M. Vasyliûnas Section II: Tutorials 2. Mercury?s Magnetotail T.  Sundberg and J. A. Slavin  3. Magnetotails of Mars and Venus E. Dubinin and M. Fraenz       4. The Earth?s Magnetotail Robert L. McPherron 5. Jupiter?s Magnetotail Norbert Krupp, Elena Kronberg, Aikaterini Radioti 6. Saturn?s Magnetotail Caitríona M. Jackman 7. The Magnetotails of Uranus and Neptune C. S. Arridge 8. Satellites? Magnetotails Xianzhe Jia 9. The Moon?s Plasma Wake J.S. Halekas, D.A. Brain, M. Holmstrom 10. Physics of Cometary Magnetospheres Tamas I. Gombosi 11. The Heliotail D. J. McComas Section III:  Specialized Topics 12. The Formation of Magnetotails: Fast and Slow Rotators Compared D. J. Southwood 13. Solar Wind Interaction with the Giant Magnetospheres and Earth?s Magnetosphere P.  A. Delamere 14. Solar Wind Entry Into and Transport Within the Planetary Magnetotails Simon Wing and Jay R. Johnson         15. Magnetic Reconnection in Different Environments: Similarities and Differences Michael Hesse, Nicolas Aunai, Masha Kuznetsova, Seiji Zenitani, Joachim Birn 16. Origin and Evolution of Plasmoids and Flux Ropes in the Magnetotails of Earth and Mars J. P. Eastwood and S. A. Kiehas 17. Current Sheet Formation in Planetary Magnetotails Antonius Otto, Min-Shiu Hsieh, Fred Hall IV 18. Substorms: Plasma and Magnetic Flux Transport from the Magnetic Tail into the Magnetosphere Gerhard Haerendel 19. Injection, Interchange and Reconnection: Energetic Particle Observations in Saturn's Magnetosphere D.G. Mitchell, P. C. Brandt, J.F. Carbary, W.S. Kurth, S.M. Krimigis, C. Paranicas, N. Krupp, D.C. Hamilton, B.H. Mauk, G.B. Hospodarsky, M.K. Dougherty, W. R. Pryor 20. Radiation Belt Electron Acceleration and the Role of the Magnetotail Geoff Reeves 21. The Substorm Current Wedge at Earth and Mercury L. Kepko, K.-H. Glassmeier, J. A. Slavin, T. Sundberg 22. Review of Global Simulation Studies of the Effect of Ionospheric Outflow on the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere System Dynamics M. Wiltberger