Contents Contributors Editor bios Part I Introduction 1 Lanthanide utilization by organisms: an overview Akio Tani 1. The lanthanides 2. Old literatures on bacteria and lanthanides interaction 3. Methylotrophs 4. XoxF mystery 5. The discovery of Ln-dependency of XoxF 6. XoxF is more widespread than MxaF 7. Lanthanide-dependent methylotrophs 8. The lanthanide switch 9. The lanthanome and lanthasome 10. Selectivity for lanthanides and actinides 11. Concluding remarks References 2 Distribution and diversity of lanthanide-dependent methanol dehydrogenase, XoxF, in natural environments Ryoji Mitsui 1. Introduction 2. Phylogenetic analysis of XoxF 3. Lanthanide distribution and relation to biological systems 4. XoxF in marine environment References Part II Lanthanide-dependent methanol dehydrogenases in methylotrophs 3 Discovery of the Xox system in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1: A historical perspective Ludmila Chistoserdova, Zheng Yu and Jing Huang 1. Discovering XoxF in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 2. Wide occurrence of Ln3þ-dependent enzymes among proteobacteria 3. XoxF as the indicator of occurrence of methylotrophy in the microbial world 4. Conclusions and future perspectives References 4 XoxF5-type methanol dehydrogenase and lanthanide-dependent methylotrophy in Methylorubrum extorquens AM1 Tomoyuki Nakagawa 1. Introduction 2. Enzymatic properties and physiological role of XoxF1 in Methylorubrum extorquens AM1 3. Preference of Ln species for function of XoxF1 in strain AM1 4. Conclusion References 5 Lanthanide uptake and gene regulation of the xox1 operon in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 Nathan Good 1. The roles of lanthanides in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 physiology 2. Uptake of lanthanides by M. extorquens AM1 3. Regulation of the xox1 operon for lanthanide-dependent methanol oxidation 4. Conclusions References 6 Lanthanide utilization in Methylobacterium aquaticum strain 22A Patrick Juma 1. Introduction 2. Ln-dependent methanol and formaldehyde oxidation 3. The function of a lanmodulin homolog in strain 22A 4. Ln uptake and transport 5. Strain 22A and plant interaction 6. Synthesis and role of ergothioneine in strain 22A 7. Summary References Part III Lanthanide-dependent methanol dehydrogenases and methanol metabolisms in methanotrophs 7 Genetic regulation by lanthanides in the type I methanotroph Methylotuvimicrobium buryatense 5GB1C Joseph D. Groom 1. Introduction 2. Known components of lanthanide regulation 3. Global gene expression in response to lanthanides 4. New results and future direction of lanthanide gene regulation studies in Methylotuvimicrobium buryatense 5GB1C 5. Conclusion References 8 XoxF4, represented by two enzymes from Methylotenera mobilis JLW8 Jing Huang, Zheng Yu and Ludmila Chistoserdova 1. Isolation and characterization of the organism 2. Further experiments pointing toward the role of XoxF in methanol oxidation 3. The role of lanthanides 4. Results from growth experiments testing lanthanide range specificity 5. Purification and characterization of XoxF4-1 and XoxF4-2 6. Conclusions References Part IV Lanthanide dependent methanol/alcohol dehydrogenases in non-methylotrophs and newly found methylotrophs 9 Lanthanide-dependent methanol dehydrogenases, XoxFs, in Rhizobia of a-Proteobacteria Tomoyuki Nakagawa 1. Introduction 2. Enzymatic properties and physiological function of the XoxFs in Bradyrhizobium 3. Distribution of xox gene clusters in rhizobia of a-Proteobacteria 4. Conclusion References 10 Lanthanide utilization in the family Beijerinckiaceae Carl-Eric Wegner 1. Introduction to the family Beijerinckiaceae 2. Lanthanide-dependent enzymes and their occurrence in the family Beijerinckiaceae 3. Lanthanome homologs in the family Beijerinckiaceae 4. Using Beijerinckiaceae to study lanthanide-dependent metabolism 5. Lanthanide accumulation in Beijerinckiaceae bacterium RH AL1 6. Gene expression changes in response to different lanthanum concentrations and lanthanide elements in Beijerinckiaceae bacterium RH AL1 Acknowledgments References Further reading 11 Lanthanide utilization in newly found methylotrophs Haoxin Lv 1. Introduction 2. Oharaeibacter diazotrophicus gen. nov., sp. nov., a diazotrophic and facultatively methylotrophic bacterium 3. Novimethylophilus kurashikiensis gen. nov. sp. nov., a new lanthanide-dependent methylotrophic species of Methylophilaceae 4. Methylotenera oryzisoli sp. nov., a lanthanide-dependent methylotrophic bacteria isolated from rice field soil 5. Summary Acknowledgments References Further reading Part V Application of lanthanide-dependent biological processes 12 Recovery of rare earth elements using lanmodulin Dan Park, Patrick Diep, Ziye Dong and Yongqin Jiao 1. Introduction 2. Selective extraction of REEs from source material 3. REE separation using lanmodulin 4. Advancing metal ion separations through bioprospecting and protein engineering 5. Design considerations for scaling lanmodulin-based REE extraction 6. Conclusions and future outlooks Acknowledgments References 13 Development of lanthanide ion binding peptide Nobuhiro Ishida 1. Lanthanide elements used in advanced materials 2. Lanthanide-ion recognizing peptides 3. Lanthanide ion mineralization peptides 4. Lanthanide ion mineralization peptide design via molecular simulation 5. Direct recovery of lanthanide ions using mineralization peptides 6. Summary of Chapter 13 Acknowledgments References 14 Switching between methanol accumulation and cell growth by expression control of methanol dehydrogenase in Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b Toshiaki Kamachi and Hidehiro Ito 1. Introduction 2. Methanol biosynthesis using methanotrophs 3. Metal utilization in Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b 4. Switching between methanol accumulation and cell growth by controlling methanol dehydrogenase expression in methylosinus trichosporium OB3b mutant References Index

Examines newly discovered biological functions of lanthanides and lanthanide dependent enzymes Explores expanding roles of lanthanides in methylotrophic and non-methylotrophic bacteria Discusses complex regulation mechanisms of bacterial physiology utilizing lanthanides, as well as possible application areas Features chapter contributions from leading, global experts in the field