Preface 1. Background and History Introduction The Narrative We Tell about Food History Origins of Food Insecurity in the Colonial Period (1600- 1775) - The Transatlantic Slave Trade and Origins of Black Food Insecurity Revolutionary War to the Civil War (1776- 1865) - Westward Expansion, Treaties, Removal Policies, and Land as Food Security - Native American Women in Westward Expansion - The Civil War Era (1861- 1865) Reconstruction Era (1865- 1877) Progressive Era (1890s- 1920s) The Great Depression and New Deal Era (1920- 1940) Post War Era (1945- 1960) - Women in the Industrial Food System The Civil Rights Era (1960- 1980) End of the Century (1980- 2000s) - Food Processing - Globalization and Expansion of the Food Industry - Food Marketing - Dietary Guidelines and Recommendations The Social Safety Net: Responses to Food Insecurity - USDA Food and Nutrition Assistance Programs Conclusion: Food Insecurity Today References 2. Problems, Controversies, and Solutions Framing the Discussion for Problems, Controversies, and Solutions Defining and Measuring Food Insecurity - Globally Recognized Definition of Food Insecurity - United States Definition - Other Key Terms - Levels of Food Insecurity - Tools for Assessing Food Security Status Inequity in the Food System - Inequitable Access to Land - Geographical Disparities: Access to Food - Impact of Health Inequities Sustainability of the Food System - A Sustainable, Closed- Loop Food System Agricultural Development and Food Production - The Green Revolution - Genetically Modified Foods - Seeds Corporate Control of Food System The Debate: Food as a Human Right Solutions - New Food Movements - Building Capacity of U.S. Farmers: Rural and Urban - Food, Agriculture, and Grocery Cooperatives - Food Policy Councils - Food Justice - Women in the Food System - Food Sovereignty - Implementing Food Sovereignty and Food Security - Toward a Secure Future References 3. Perspectives From an Anti- hunger Activist: My Perspective on Ending Hunger in America, Minerva Delgado Food Sovereignty in Rural Appalachia, Nicole Rasul Moving the Charitable Food System from Transactions to Transformations, Katie S. Martin A Plan to Shorten Food Bank Lines, Andy Fisher Stories Matter: Narrative Change as a Strategy for Exposing the Root Causes of Hunger and Spurring Collective Action, Alison Meares Cohen and Debbie DePoala Focusing on Racial Equity to End Hunger, Marlysa D. Gamblin Native American Food Security and Food Sovereignty, Elizabeth Hoover Food Policy Councils and the Challenge of Incorporating Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion, Erica Hall Food and Nutrition Education for Food Sovereignty, Pamela Koch Advancing Nutrition Security with Sustainability Research, Sarah Reinhardt 4. Profiles Introduction People - George Washington Carver (1864- 1943) - Cesar Chavez (1927- 1993) - W.E.B. Du Bois (1868- 1963) - Fannie Lou Hamer (1917- 1977) - Vandana Shiva (1952- ) - Booker T. Washington (1856- 1915) Organizations - Black Panther Party - Bread for the World - Coalition of Immokalee Workers - College and University Food Bank Alliance - Feeding America - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Food and Resource Action Center - Food Chain Workers Alliance - Food Policy Networks - Food Recovery Network - La Via Campesina - National Farm to School Network - Share Our Strength - Slow Food Movement - United States Department of Agriculture 5. Data and Documents Data - Figure 5.1: Trends in Food Insecurity Rates in U.S. Households from 1995 to 2021 - Figure 5.2: Prevalence of Food Insecurity (Three- year Averages from 2019- 2021) by State in the United States - Figure 5.3: Characteristics of Households Experiencing Very Low Food Security in 2021 - Figure 5.4: Trends in Food Insecurity Prevalence in the United States by Race and Ethnicity from 2001 to 2021 - Table 5.1: Food Insecurity Rates in the United States by Race and Other Characteristics in 2017 - Table 5.2: Food Insecurity Rates in the United States among Southeast Asians by Ethnicity - Figure 5.5: Spending on Federal Food Assistance Programs from 1980 to 2021 - Table 5.3: National Annual and Monthly Data on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program - Figure 5.6: Map of Farmers Markets in the United States That Accept SNAP in 2018 - Table 5.4: Comparison of U.S. Agricultural Characteristics in 1860 and 2010 - Table 5.5: Carbon Impact of Select Food Products by Kilogram of Greenhouse Gas Emission - Table 5.6: Environmental Impacts of Food and Agriculture Documents - United Nations Declaration of Human Rights (UNDHR) - United Nation’s Covenant on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) - H.R. 2- Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, Public Law 115- 334 - General Allotment or Dawes Act (1887) - Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock - Treaty of New Echota - Pigford et al. v. Glickman - Monsanto v. Percey Schmeiser - Coalition of Immokalee Workers Fair Food Code of Conduct - Equal Opportunity in Farm Programs: An Appraisal of Services Rendered by Agencies of the United States Department of Agriculture - Declaration of Nyéléni 6. Resources Books Journals and Articles Reports Online Resources 7. Chronology Glossary Index

Thousands of opinions. Hundreds of notifications. Millions of websites. In the age of information overload, how can we sort through the data? Assess the analyses? Trust the sources? A world of questions demands a library of answers. Books in the award-winning Contemporary World Issues series inform and educate readers on events and issues shaping cultural and political landscapes in the United States and around the world. Armed with informed historical overviews, authoritative?issue analysis, landmark primary documents, and essays on era-defining issues, readers are empowered to better understand and confront the challenges of the 21st century.