Preface Introduction Saïd Amir Arjomand and Nathan J. Brown 1. Shi‘ite Jurists and the Iranian Law and Constitutional Order in the Twentieth Century Saïd Amir Arjomand 2. The Special Courts of the Clergy (Dadgah-e Vizheh-ye Ruhaniyyat) and the Repression of Dissident Clergy in Iran Mirjam Künkler 3. The Principle of Legality in the Iranian Constitutional and Criminal Silvia Tellenbach 4. Constitutionalism and Parliamentary Struggle for Relevance and Independence in Post-Khomeini Iran Farideh Farhi 5. The Politics of Property in the Islamic Republic of Iran Kaveh Ehsani 6. Legal Reforms in Egypt: the Rule of Law and Consolidation of State Authoritarianism Nathalie Bernard-Maugiron Appendix: Selections from the 2007 Amendments to the 1971 Constitution translated by Dina Bishara 7. Rule of Law, Ideology and Human Rights in Egyptian Courts Mustapha Kamel Al-Sayyid 8. Islam in Egypt’s Cacophonous Constitutional Order Nathan J. Brown 9. Surviving under Rule by Law: Explaining Ideological Change in Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood Bruce K. Rutherford 10. Egypt’s ‘Ulama in the State, in Politics and in the Islamist Vision Jakob Skovgaard-Peteren 11. Egypt’s Constitutional Revolution? Nathan J. Brown