Contents Introduction to the Research Handbook on Asylum and Refugee Policy 1 Jane Freedman and Glenda Santana de Andrade PART I A HISTORICAL APPROACH TO ASYLUM AND REFUGEE POLICY 1 Making markets: the historical development of the refugee regime 7 Julia Morris 2 Asylum and legal protection: a history 25 Phil Orchard 3 Need for critical reimagination: colonial legacy of the 1951 Refugee Convention 39 Jay Ramasubramanyam and Ulrike Krause PART II GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEO-POLITICAL CONTEXT FOR UNDERSTANDING REFUGEE POLICY 4 Refugee policy in Latin America: structural pillars and good practices 53 Liliana Lyra Jubilut, Melissa Martins Casagrande and Marina Cardoso Farias 5 Climate refugees in India and international law: convergences divergences and anomalies 76 Atul Alexander 6 Old tensions and new questions: the expansion of refugee sponsorship 95 Shauna Labman and Rachel McNally 7 ‘If you change the country, you are not a real refugee’ – the impact of the Dublin Regulation on refugees’ flight and arrival experiences 112 Anja Bartel 8 Refuge in silos: how three of the largest MENA hosts address Syrian mass displacement in the absence of coordinated efforts and responses 124 Jasmin Lilian Diab 9 Liminal refuge in the land of (decreasing) opportunity 146 Stephanie J. Nawyn and Breanne Leigh Grace 10 Refugee governance in the Middle East: insights from Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan 159 Zeynep Şahin-Mencütek and Fatma Yılmaz-Elmas PART III SECURITISATION, VIOLENCE AND RESISTANCE 11 Crises, violence and vulnerabilities for refugees in Europe 177 Jane Freedman 12 South Africa’s dalliance with temporary protection of refugees – is it a form of ‘sophisticated containment’ or a humanitarian act? 188 Fatima Khan 13 The violent externalisation of asylum 204 Jane Freedman 14 Refugee’s resistance: analysing survival strategies through the prism of intersectionality 221 Glenda Santana de Andrade PART IV INTERSECTIONALITY AND ASYLUM AND REFUGEE POLICIES 15 Intersections of gender, sexuality and ‘race’ in queer asylum claims 239 Nina Held and Aderonke Apata 16 Women and gender in asylum and refugee law and policy 251 Jane Freedman 17 Beyond the transient protections of the Children’s Act: contestations on citizenship and belonging for foreigners with refugee claims in South Africa 267 Sikanyiso Masuku 18 Exclusionary refugee protection regime, colonial others and gender dualities 280 Rose Jaji and Ulrike Krause 19 Conducting sexual and reproductive health and rights research amongst refugee women in sub-Saharan Africa: some ethical and methodological considerations 291 Tamaryn L. Crankshaw and Victoria M. Mutambara PART V CURRENT AND FUTURE CHALLENGES TO ASYLUM AND REFUGEE POLICY 20 Understanding solidarity practices with refugees 305 Óscar García Agustín, Paola Buconjic, Martin Bak Jørgensen, and Mashudu Salifu 21 Climate change and refugees: a challenge to legal frameworks 320 Simon Behrman and Avidan Kent 22 Key issues relating to ethics when conducting research with forcibly displaced people 337 Christina Clark-Kazak 23 Protection beyond refuge: expanding on the need for an intersectional approach to Syrian refugees’ social protection in Jordan 349 Jasmin Lilian Diab Index 364