This is an important book, chock full of important discussions, observations, analyses, and interpretations. It deserves to be read widely by scholars and students of parties, party systems, and democratic survival or collapse.

Cees van der Ejik, Acta Politica

The book is a valuable resource for all scholars interested in political parties, party systems and democracy...this book is a step forward in the discipline's advancement by exploring all of the indicators of the party system in so many countries and periods and contributing to a better understanding of the importance of its stability, not only for the proper functioning of governments, but also for democracy.

José Rama, Democratization

an intellectual tour de force which massively enriches the conventional ways of thinking about party politics. It will most likely become the key academic reference for understanding what drives party system institutionalization and it could also generate considerable debate about how the latter affects democracy.

Mihail Chiru, Annals of the University of Bucharest, Political Science Series

This book is destined to become a reference work in studies on party systems, government formation, and the evolution and stability of democracy...the authors show a complete landscape of European party systems and inter-party from 1848 to 2019, with praiseworthy craftsmanship...an elegant, amazing display of theoretical, methodological and empirical novelties...essential questions about the institutionalization of party systems are addressed by showing how the competition and cooperation between parties impacts the quality of democracy and its very survival.

Ruth Ferrero-Turrión, Revista Española de Ciencia Política

the book is an unprecedented undertaking in many respects, particularly in terms of its methodology, the period of investigation and the scope of the political systems compared...Overall, it can be said that the volume is an enterprising, extremely innovative work...it significantly enriches our knowledge of the development of party systems.

Attila Horvath, Hungarian Review of Political Science

[t]his is a brilliant piece of comparative politics, focusing exhaustively on democratic Europe without neglecting any of its parts...the book builds compellingly a theoretical and empirical strategy to sustain its main arguments...the resulting overview is extremely original...This original contribution to the discussion about the future and threats to our democracies may be one of the most important advances made by a book that Peter Mair would have been very proud of.

Juan Rodríguez-Teruel, Party Politics

This book is excellent reading for scholars interested in party systems, the functioning and quality of democracy. Resulting from the rigorous methodological approach of the authors and the valuable conclusions with which they successfully defy widespread assumptions about the party system, this book should be mandatory reading. Exceptionally well written, it constitutes a perfect complement to the debate on the institutionalization of party systems by establishing a new tool to capture it - party system closure. Undoubtedly, this book is destined to become a classic.

Teodora Yovcheva, Irish Political Studies

the volume is destined to become the main point of reference in the study of party system institutionalization.

Leonardo Puleo, Political Studies Review

a unique, informative and insightful longitudinal study of how European countries were governed in the last century'

Davide Vittori, Italian Political Science Review

This is a fascinating and important book, in which Fernando Casal Bértoa and Zsolt Enyedi provide an original and thoughtful perspective on party system institutionalization in Europe. They persuasively disentangle the complex relationships between electoral volatility, parliamentary fragmentation, polarization, and the patterns of inter-party competition and cooperation for government office. Refining the approach to party system change advanced by the late Peter Mair, Party System Closure is an extraordinary work of political science and a must-read for any scholar of comparative party politics.

Ingrid van Biezen, Professor of Comparative Politics, University of Leiden

Impressive in its scope, both temporally and geographically, this book addresses some of the most pressing issues of our time. Drawing on the approach to party systems pursued by Giovanni Sartori, and then by Peter Mair, it asks how patterns of interaction among parties, both competitive and cooperative, influence the quality, and ultimately the survival of democratic regimes. In this era of increasing polarization and the rise of anti-party-system parties, it provides both significant historical and invaluable contemporary insights. It is a must-read for anyone who wants to understand European party politics today, or in historical perspective.

Richard S. Katz, Professor of Political Science, the John Hopkins University

This an ambitious and impressive book written around the concept of party system closure...Having read this excellent book by Fernando Casal Bértoa and Zsolt Enyedi, it is clear that this limited attention to the party system perspective is a major omission on the part of the discipline...Bértoa and Enyedi have written an important book that will, I hope, put party system analysis back at the center of the political science stage. European party systems are witnessing turbulent times, and the need for strong analytical concepts has never been greater. This book delivers exactly such concepts.

Christoffer Green-Pedersen, Perspective on Politics

It is, in short, a fundamental contribution, required reading for all those interested in party politics and of special interest to those who study democracy.

Gerardo Scherlis, Revista SAAP

This book is a step forward in the discipline's advancement by exploring all of the indicators of the party system in so many countries and periods and contributing to a better understanding of the importance of its stability, not only for the proper functioning of governments, but also for democracy.

José Rama, Autonomous University of Madrid

the authors make a valuable contribution to the field of party systems, party politics and democratic consolidation.

Belén Fernández-García, Reis