Contents: Preface and acknowledgements xii 1 Introduction to the European Union and Brexit 1 John Erik Fossum and Christopher Lord PART I THE UK AND BREXIT 2 Why did the UK leave the EU? The state of the science of explaining Brexit 26 James Dennison 3 The Brexit referendum 42 Julie Smith 4 Parties 56 Andrew Glencross and Monika Brusenbauch Meislová 5 Brexit and the nations 70 Michael Keating 6 Brexit and economic ideas 85 Craig Parsons 7 Brexit and Europe’s political economy 104 Amy Verdun PART II BREXIT AND THE EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS 8 The making of Brexit: legal aspects of the 2016–20 negotiations 121 Jean-Claude Piris 9 The European Council and Brexit: from accommodating an ‘awkward partner’ towards managing a conflictual relationship? 162 Birgit Bujard and Wolfgang Wessels 10 The European Parliament and Brexit 178 Christopher Lord 11 The European Commission and the Brexit negotiations 192 Hussein Kassim 12 EU agencies and Brexit: assessing the implications of Brexit for EU agencies 216 Michael Kaeding 13 Brexit: the sub-national dimensions from the vantage point of the European Committee of the Regions 232 Justus Schönlau PART III MEMBER STATES AND BREXIT 14 Ireland and Brexit 250 Brigid Laffan 15 Germany and Brexit 264 Uwe Puetter 16 France and Brexit 279 Helen Drake 17 De-Europeanization of Eastern peripheries or testing the limits of differentiation: Poland in the post-Brexit European Union 296 Rafał Riedel 18 Regional cooperation in the EU in the shadow of Brexit 309 Ian Cooper and Federico Fabbrini PART IV BREXIT AND AFFILIATED NON-MEMBERS IN EUROPE 19 The pattern of affiliations between the EU and its neighbours: Normative, Market and Governance Power Europe 328 Sieglinde Gstöhl 20 The Swiss model in the context of Brexit: from ‘side-street’ to ‘dead-end’? 345 Sandra Lavenex and Alexandre Veuthey 21 The Norway Model and the UK post-Brexit 362 John Erik Fossum 22 Liechtenstein and its relations with the EU 384 Christian Frommelt PART V BREXIT BEYOND EUROPE 23 The 2020 EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement as a Canada style agreement 401 Nanette Neuwahl 24 The impact of Brexit on EU-US political relations and NATO 422 Roy H. Ginsberg 25 Post-Brexit opportunities: what exactly does Australia offer the EU and the UK? 438 Russell Solomon 26 China views Brexit: the impacts of the UK’s withdrawal from the European Union in Chinese eyes 456 Biao Zhang and Shaohua Yan PART VI BREXIT AND QUESTIONS OF LEGITIMACY 27 Brexit and political legitimacy 471 Albert Weale 28 Political constitutionalism and referendums: the case of Brexit 486 Richard Bellamy 29 Exceptionally exceptional? A postscript on Brexit in the guise of a conclusion 504 Kalypso Nicolaïdis, with comments by Albert Weale, Christopher Lord and John Erik Fossum Index 518