Constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Electronic Government, EGOV 2005, held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in August 2005. The 30 papers presented assess the developments in e-government/e-governance, and provide guidance for research, development, and application of this field.

Challenges.- Organizational Transformation Through E-Government: Myth or Reality?.- The Governance of Back Office Integration in E-Government: Some Dutch Experiences.- E-Government Systems in Developing Countries: Stakeholders and Conflict.- Performance.- Intelligent Measuring and Improving Model for Customer Satisfaction Level in e-Government.- Accountability of Electronic Cross-Agency Service-Delivery Processes.- Citizen Relationship Management and E-Government.- DSS in a Local Government Context – How to Support Decisions Nobody Wants to Make?.- Monitoring and Updating Regulations and Policies for Government Services.- Service Take-Up and Impacts of E-Government in Austria.- Evaluation of a Risk-Modelling Tool at the Business Case of eService Projects – Results from a Workshop in the UK.- Achieving Administrative Transparency Through Information Systems: A Case Study in the Seoul Metropolitan Government.- Strategy.- eGovernment and Structural Reform on Bornholm: A Case Study.- When Technology Meets the Mind: A Comparative Study of the Technology Acceptance Model.- E-Government Practice: What One Country Could Learn from Other.- Measuring the Performance of Digital Divide Strategies: The Balanced Scorecard Approach.- Policy and Practice in Standards Selection for E-Government Interoperability Frameworks.- SIGES-PERE: A Collaborative GIS for Radiological Disaster Management.- Feasibility Study for a Legal Knowledge System in the County of Herford.- A Quality Inspection Method to Evaluate E-Government Sites.- Knowledge.- Organisational Changes, Skills and the Role of Leadership Required by eGovernment.- PA’s Boundaries and the Organizational Knowledge Processes.- Providing Pan-European E-Government Services with the Use of Semantic Web Services Technologies: AGeneric Process Model.- A Proposal for a Semantic-Driven eGovernment Service Architecture.- Knowledge Engineering Suite: A Tool to Create Ontologies for Automatic Knowledge Representation in Knowledge-Based Systems.- Guided Interactive Information Access for E-Citizens.- Technology.- The Opportunities and Barriers of User Profiling in the Public Sector.- Personalized Access to Multi-version Norm Texts in an eGovernment Scenario.- An Infrastructural Approach to Secure Interoperability of Electronic IDs: The Bridging Backbone.- A Distributed Network Architecture for Robust Internet Voting Systems.- Electronic Voting: An All-Purpose Platform.