The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Manufacturing USA Institutes aim to protect national security and increase U.S. competitiveness in manufacturing. The domestic industrial base is critical to supporting and sustaining both military advantage and economic competitiveness. Through these institutes, the DoD is committed to domestically designing and manufacturing the most innovative defense systems. Intended as intensely collaborative applied research and development endeavors among government, industry, and academia, the institutes are envisioned to become lasting, self-sustaining national assets. A long-term strategy is needed to achieve this goal. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine recently convened a workshop to discuss the long-term sustainability of the Manufacturing USA Institutes. Participants explored different perspectives across multiple disciplines, discussed public-private partnership models, and considered international programs in advanced manufacturing to inform their recommendations regarding the future of the institutes. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.Table of ContentsFront MatterOverview1 Introduction2 Keynote Addresses: Perspectives on Manufacturing USA3 Panel 1: Alternative PublicPrivate Partnership Models4 Panel 2: International Programs in Advanced Manufacturing5 Breakout Sessions: Feedback and Future Directions for the DoD Manufacturing USA Institutes6 DiscussionAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Workshop Agenda and Participant ListAppendix C: Committee Member Biographical InformationAppendix D: Acronyms