Part 1 Introduction 1 Media Accountability: A Global Perspective Part 2 Anglo-Saxon Countries 2 Overview: Anglo-Saxon Countries 3 The United Kingdom: Consolidation and Fragmentation 4 The United States of America: The Triumph of Autonomy over Accountability 5 Canada: Fragile Consolidation Efforts in Media Accountability 6 Australia and New Zealand: A Resurgence of Public Interest in Media Performance Part 3 Western Europe 7 Overview: Western Europe 8 Sweden: Old Wine in New Bottles 9 Germany: Beyond the Beacon 10 Spain: An Expanding Accountability Landscape with Major Challenges to Overcome 11 Italy: Overregulation, Media Concentration, Political Transparency, and Economic Crisis Part 4 Central and Eastern Europe and the Post-Soviet Space 12 Overview: Central and Eastern Europe and the Post-Soviet Space 13 Poland: Polarized Model of Media Accountability 14 Hungary: Growing Concentration, Intensifying Control 15 Estonia: From Analog to Digital – One Step Upward but Two Steps Back? 16 Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Authority, the Media, and the Public in Correlating Multiple Negative Influences 17 Ukraine: Lack of Self-Regulation in an Oligarch-Driven Media Landscape 18 Russia: Media Accountability in a Polarized Society 19 Kyrgyzstan: Accountability in a Constrained Media Environment Part 5 Turkey, Israel, the Mena Region, and Iran 20 Overview: Turkey, Israel, the MENA Region, and Iran 21 Turkey: Crackdowns against Journalists are Paralyzing Media Accountability 22 Israel: The Importance of Alternative Media as a Media Accountability Instrument 23 Morocco: Accountability at a Nascent Stage 24 Tunisia: The Urgent Need for Media Accountability 25 Egypt: No Horizons for Independent Media Accountability? 26 Jordan: (Still) Co-Opted and Contained 27 Iraq: Citizens Finally Taking Media into Account 28 Iran: Centralized Control and Tattered Accountability Part 6 Sub-Saharan Africa 29 Overview: Sub-Saharan Africa 30 Kenya: An Exploration of Media Regulation and Accountability 31 Nigeria: Democratic Press, Authoritarian Government ? 32 Ghana: The Double-Bind of Media Freedom 33 South Africa: Media Accountability in a Young Democracy 34 Namibia: Fit for Purpose? A Critical Assessment of the Performance of the Media Ombudsperson System 35 Uganda: The Arduous Quest for Media Accountability 36 Zimbabwe: Media Accountability in an Authoritarian Context Part 7 Asia 37 Overview: Asia 38 India: Strong State and Weak Media Accountability 39 Pakistan: Corporatization and Weak Ethics 40 Myanmar: Potential Diversity, Unfulfilled Hopes 41 Japan: Corporate Accountability First 42 China: Little Prospect of Enhanced Media Accountability 43 Hong Kong: Media in Political Turmoil 44 Indonesia: A Press Council with Exceptional Powers Part 8 Latin America 45 Overview: Latin America 46 Argentina: Advances and Setbacks in the Democratization of Communication 47 Brazil: Media Accountability Instruments, Journalists, and Media Ownership 48 Chile: Double System of Self-Regulation and a few Union Organizations 49 Mexico: Searching for a More Independent and Democratic Media System 50 Colombia: Media Observatories and Ombudspersons as Places of Reflection 51 Costa Rica: Media Responsibility as a Pending Issue Part 9 Conclusions 52 Summary of Country Chapters 53 A Comparative Analysis of Media Accountability across the Globe: Models, Frameworks, Perspectives
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