In September 2023, the Committee on Population at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop, Developing an Agenda for Population Aging and Social Research in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). The explicit goal of the workshop was to identify the most promising directions for behavioral and social research and data infrastructure investments for studying life-course health, aging, and Alzheimers disease and Alzheimers disease and related dementias in LMICs. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 The Role of Inequality3 Conceptual and Methodological Barriers4 Research and Policy Interventions5 The Role of Family6 Use of Existing Data7 Role of Environmental Exposures8 Key TakeawaysReferencesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Biographical Sketches for Workshop Planning Committee Members and Speakers