Utopian thinking and utopian designs ostensibly represent a belief in human progress. The starting point of utopias is almost always a bad present that is to be overcome. But in the 20th and 21st centuries, doubts are growing about a plannable future designed by enlightened reason, about the project of modernity. Utopias are answered by dystopias. This makes it clear: the basic motif of utopian thinking is the fear of an uncontrollable future, a fear that could perhaps be overcome by the principle of hope (Ernst Bloch), an amiable illusion. The Content  The "contradiction" of rationality and irrationality in utopian conceptions  ● Fiction and reality  ● Model and myth ● Symbol and symbolic action  ● Enlightenment to autonomy. The target groups  ● Humanities scholars, political scientists and social scientists ● Philosophers ● Theologians Theauthor Prof. Dr. Hans-Georg Soeffner is Professor Emeritus of General Sociology at the University of Konstanz, Senior Fellow and Board Member at the Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities Essen (KWI) and Permanent Visiting Fellow at the Forum internationale Wissenschaft of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.This book is a translation of an original German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.