7. 1. 1 Research Question The electricity sector has undergone and continues to experience a fundamental transformation. Liberalization, deregulation and re-regulation have spread around the world, which has led to a far-reaching restructuring of the sector. In Europe, this trend has been reinforced by a European Union (EU) directive adopted in 1996. This directive alone, however, cannot suf ciently explain how and why most co- tries, some of them not members of the EU, decided to liberalize their electricity sectors. First, the directive gave large leeway to the member states about how to implement liberalization, and second, the phenomenon is an almost global trend, not limited to Europe. Therefore, Europeanization as an explanation for the electr- ity market's liberalization has been criticized for overemphasizing the impact of the EU (Fligstein and Merand 2001; Jordana et al. 2006; Levi-Faur 2004; Verdier and Breen 2001). A more encompassing approach to explain why governments decided to lib- alize their electricity markets is offered by the recent research agenda of trans- tionalization. Transnationalization can be de ned as '[...] the regular interactions between state and non-state actors across national boundaries aimed at shaping political and social outcomes at home, abroad, and in an emerging global sphere of governance' (Orenstein and Schmitz 2006: 7). The approach of transnationalization includes both state and nonstate actors.
Les mer
This book brings together the study of transnationalization in three institutional fields: civil society, state and the economy. It also extends the research of processes of transnationalization to evolving new democracies and emerging market economies.
Les mer
Three Converging Literatures of Transnationalization and the Varieties of Transnationalization: Introduction.- Transnational Integration Regimes as Development Programmes.- From Employee Governance to Corporate Governance: Transnational Forces and the Polish Corporate Governance Debates Since the 1980s.- The Domestic Regulation of Transnational Labour Markets: EU Enlargement and the Politics of Labour Migration in Switzerland and Ireland.- The Transnationalization of Change in Economic Institutions: The Case of Industrial Standards Regulations in Ukraine.- The Politics of the Competition State: The Agents and Mechanisms of State Transnationalization in Central and Eastern Europe.- Transnationalization and Domestic Policy-Making Processes: Electricity Market Reform in Belgium and Switzerland.- Transnationalization and the Georgian State: Myth or Reality?.- Transnational Strategies of Civil Society Organizations Striving for Equality and Nondiscrimination: Exchanging Information on New EU Directives, Coalition Strategies and Strategic Litigation.- National and European? Protesting the Lisbon Agenda and the Services Directive in the European Union.- Transnational Governance of Labour Standards: Insights from the Clothing Industry in Turkey.- Transnationalization and Its Governance – Actorhood and Power in the Shadow of Global Crisis.
Les mer

Two decades after the fall of the Berlin Wall, we are witnessing an ever quickening dissolution of the boundaries between internal and external actors and the critical factors for understanding domestic institutional change. In the transnationalization of the economies of Western and Eastern Europe, international cross-ownership networks are playing a growing, and at times dominant role in domestic economies. These economies are governed by states that are increasingly sharing larger and larger parts of their regulative powers with non-domestic actors.

These regulations are contested by civil societies that are increasingly based on networks of interlinked domestic and external NGOs. This is an emerging research agenda extending earlier research on transnationalization, which focused on the supra-national level, and it goes beyond the Europeanization literature that focused on externally induced or imposed change in domestic institutions. This book brings together in one volume the study of transnationalization in three institutional fields: civil society, state and the economy and extends the research of processes of transnationalization to evolving new democracies and emerging market economies. This book should be of interest to scholars and students in the field of political science, public policy, European studies, and international relations.

Les mer
Examines domestic institutional change in processes of transnationalization at the level of the economies, states and civil societies Goes beyond Europeanization literature that focuses on externally induced change Selects empirical research in the field of transnationalization that includes Eastern Europe Provides up-to-date empirical research with methodological rigor Combines a comparative politics approach with international relations Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras
Les mer
GPSR Compliance The European Union's (EU) General Product Safety Regulation (GPSR) is a set of rules that requires consumer products to be safe and our obligations to ensure this. If you have any concerns about our products you can contact us on ProductSafety@springernature.com. In case Publisher is established outside the EU, the EU authorized representative is: Springer Nature Customer Service Center GmbH Europaplatz 3 69115 Heidelberg, Germany ProductSafety@springernature.com
Les mer

Produktdetaljer

ISBN
9780387893389
Publisert
2009-10-07
Utgiver
Vendor
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
Høyde
235 mm
Bredde
155 mm
Aldersnivå
Research, P, 06
Språk
Product language
Engelsk
Format
Product format
Innbundet