Biographical note

Jan Fagerberg is Professor at the Department of Business and Management at Aalborg University in Denmark and the Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture (TIK) at the University of Oslo. In his research Fagerberg has, among other areas, focused on the relationship between technology (innovation and diffusion) and competitiveness, economic growth, and development. He has also worked on innovation theory, innovation systems, and innovation policy. Fagerberg has published extensively on these and other topics in books and journals, and his research is widely cited and disseminated. Ben Martin is Professor of Science and Technology Policy Studies in SPRU, University of Sussex. Between 1996 and 2004, he served as SPRU Director. He is also an Associate Fellow at the Centre for Science and Policy (CSaP), and Senior Visiting Fellow at the Centre for Business Research, Judge Business School, both at the University of Cambridge. His research for the last 35 years has focused on science policy. He helped pioneer techniques for evaluating scientific laboratories, research programmes, and national scientific performance, and for conducting 'technology foresight'. In recent years, he has conducted research on the benefits from government funding of basic research, the changing nature and role of the university, the impact of the UK Research Assessment Exercise, creative knowledge environments, and the evolution of the field of science policy and innovation studies. Esben Sloth Andersen is Professor of Evolutionary Economics at the Department of Business and Management at Aalborg University. His research has focussed on the theory, modelling and simulation of economic evolution, innovation in a systemic perspective, and evolution in the history of economic thought with special emphasis of the work of Joseph Schumpeter