Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii 1 Cytology Sampling and Preparation 1 1.1 Cytology 1 1.2 Sample Collection and Preparation 1 1.3 Sample Staining 7 1.4 Sample Handling and Storage 8 2 Cytologic Analysis of Cells 11 2.1 Approach to Cytology Samples 11 2.2 Sample Quality and Background 11 2.3 Cell Types 15 2.4 Cell Shape, Distribution, and Features 29 2.5 Benign Versus Malignant 30 3 Infectious Agents 45 3.1 Fungi 45 3.2 Oomycetes 56 3.3 Algae 56 3.4 Mesomycetozoea 58 3.5 Protozoa 58 3.6 Helminths 65 3.7 Bacteria 69 3.8 Ectoparasites 75 4 Integument 85 4.1 Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Lesions 85 5 Hemolymphatic 139 5.1 Lymph Nodes 139 5.2 Spleen 153 5.3 Thymus 167 5.4 Bone Marrow 170 6 Body Cavity Fluids 193 6.1 General Classification 193 6.2 Specific Effusions 197 7 Musculoskeletal 211 7.1 Bone 211 7.2 Joints 219 7.3 Muscle 226 8 Hepatobiliary 235 8.1 Liver 235 8.2 Biliary Tract 250 9 Digestive System 255 9.1 Salivary Glands 255 9.2 Stomach/Intestines 258 9.3 Feces 267 9.4 Pancreas 272 10 Urinary 285 10.1 Kidney 285 10.2 Bladder 291 10.3 Urine 294 10.4 Urinary Crystals 298 10.5 Urinary Casts 303 11 Respiratory 311 11.1 Nasal Cavity 311 11.2 Lung 317 11.3 Bronchoalveolar Lavage/Transtracheal Wash 320 12 Endocrine 331 12.1 Thyroid 331 12.2 Parathyroid 335 12.3 Chemoreceptor Tumors 336 12.4 Adrenal Gland 338 12.5 Pituitary Gland 340 13 Reproductive 345 Male 345 13.1 Testes 345 13.2 Semen Analysis 350 13.3 Prostate 350 13.4 Penis 358 Female 358 13.5 Ovary 358 13.6 Mammary Glands 361 13.7 Vaginal Cytology 366 14 Neurologic 379 14.1 Brain 379 14.2 Cerebrospinal Fluid 386 14.3 Spinal Cord 400 15 Ocular and Special Senses 405 15.1 Eyes: Cornea 405 15.2 Eyes: Conjunctiva 409 15.3 Ears 412 16 Blood Smear Preparation and Evaluation 421 16.1 The Importance of Blood Smear Evaluation 421 16.2 Making a Blood Smear 421 16.3 Blood Smear Staining and Handling 425 16.4 Blood Smear Evaluation 427 16.5 Hematology Procedures and Techniques 430 17 Erythrocytes 433 17.1 Approach to Evaluating Red Blood Cells 433 17.2 Red Blood Cell Distribution 433 17.3 Red Blood Cell Morphology 438 17.4 Red Blood Cell Inclusions 456 17.5 Red Blood Cell Neoplasia 461 17.6 Red Blood Cell Infectious Agents 462 18 Leukocytes 475 18.1 Approach to Evaluating Leukocytes 475 18.2 Neutrophils 476 18.3 Neutrophil Inclusions 484 18.4 Eosinophils 488 18.5 Basophils 489 18.6 Mast Cells 491 18.7 Monocytes 492 18.8 Lymphocytes 495 18.9 Leukocyte Neoplasia 498 18.10 Leukocyte Infectious Agents 504 19 Platelets 515 19.1 Approach to Evaluating Platelets 515 19.2 Platelet Distribution 515 19.3 Platelet Morphology 518 19.4 Platelet Neoplasia 522 19.5 Platelet Infectious Agents 524 20 Background Features and Miscellaneous Cells 527 20.1 Approach to Blood Smear Background Features 527 20.2 Acellular Elements 527 20.3 Miscellaneous Cells 528 20.4 Infectious Agents 533 References 536 Index 537

A comprehensive image-based reference to all aspects of small animal cytology and hematology, including sample collection and handling Clinical Atlas of Small Animal Cytology and Hematology, Second Edition is an essential, comprehensive resource for all veterinary professionals preparing and evaluating cytology and blood samples. Featuring hundreds of large, high-quality images, this fully updated new edition provides an even more extensive collection of exceptional photomicrographs, accompanied by detailed descriptions, figure legends and annotations to guide readers through the diagnostic process. The Second Edition adds an extensive new hematology section, new chapters detailing sample acquisition and preparation, and many new diseases across all chapters. Each section provides a detailed description of the microscopic appearance, clinical considerations, and prognosis for each disease, using a bullet point format to promote rapid review for efficient, evidence-based clinical decision making. Clinical Atlas of Small Animal Cytology and Hematology features: More than 750 high-quality cytology and hematology images 6 new chapters, including detailed sections on sample acquisition and the preparation and staining of cytology and hematology slides A comprehensive hematology section including an easy-to-follow blood smear interpretation guide, and detailed chapters describing erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and background features Updated cytology sections with new diseases and images in all chapters Easy to use, with superior quality images and detailed yet succinct clinical information, Clinical Atlas of Small Animal Cytology and Hematology is a powerful resource to help improve confidence and skill in the interpretation of cytology and hematology samples, and in turn positively impact patient care and outcomes.