Biographical note

Kirsten B. Smith MSN, RN, ACNS-BC, ATCN is the Resuscitation Manager at Pennsylvania Hospital. She received her BSN from Seton Hall University and MSN from the University of Pennsylvania, USA.Paula M. Gabriel, MSN, RN, CCRN-K is the Clinical Practice Leader in Cardiac Surgery and Cardiac Medicine, at Penn Presbyterian Medical Center (PPMC). Her BSN is from Misericordia University and her MSN is from Drexel University, USA. Margaret Mullen-Fortino, PhD, RN is the Director for Nursing Practice and Education at PPMC. Margie received her BSN from Jefferson University, her MSN from University of Pennsylvania and her PhD from the University of the Sciences, USA. James R. Ballinghoff, DNP, MBA, RN, NEA-BC is the Chief Nurse Executive of the University of Pennsylvania Health System. He earned his BSN and MBA from LaSalle University, and his DNP from the University of Pennsylvania, USA.Pamela Z. Cacchione, PhD, CRNP, BC, FGSA, FAAN, is Professor of Geropsychiatric Nursing at University of Pennsylvania and a Nurse Scientist at PPMC. Her BSN is from Villanova University, MSN from Marymount University, PhD from Saint Louis University and Post Doctorate from The University of Iowa, USA.