Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters BCI (WoS).This book summarises the up-to-date status of the field, covers important scientific and technological developments by many distinguished experts, who came together to contribute their research work and comprehensive, in-depth and up to date articles. Written in a versatile and contemporary style, this book can be used as an invaluable reference source for graduate students, scientist, researcher working in chemistry, polymer chemistry, polymer engineering, chemical engineering and materials science. We are thankfully appreciate the tremendous efforts and co-operation of all contributing authors for their devotion, valuable time in preparing state-of-art chapters for this book. We would also like to express our gratitude to the publishers and all authors, and others for granting us the copyright permissions to use their illustrations. Although sincere efforts were made to obtain the copyright permissions from the respective owners to include the citation with the reproduced materials, we would like to offer our sincere apologies to any copyright holder if unknowingly their right is being infringed.