Computational Intelligence is comparatively a new field but it has made a tremendous progress in virtually every discipline right from engineering, science, business, m- agement, aviation to healthcare.

Advances in Computational Intelligence in Healthcare.- Artificial Agents in Healthcare.- Clinical Semantics.- Agent Technology and Healthcare: Possibilities, Challenges and Examples of Application.- Mobile Agents in Healthcare, a Distributed Intelligence Approach.- A Joint Bayesian Framework for MR Brain Scan Tissue and Structure Segmentation Based on Distributed Markovian Agents.- The i-Walker: An Intelligent Pedestrian Mobility Aid.- Case-Based Reasoning in Healthcare.- Case-Based Reasoning in the Health Sciences: Foundations and Research Directions.- Intelligent Signal Analysis Using Case-Based Reasoning for Decision Support in Stress Management.- Case-Based Reasoning in a Travel Medicine Application.- Providing Case-Based Retrieval as a Decision Support Strategy in Time Dependent Medical Domains.- Meta-learning for Image Processing Based on Case-Based Reasoning.- Explaining Medical Model Exceptions.- Computational Intelligence Techniques for Classification in Microarray Analysis.- Sample Applications and Case Studies.- The Evolution of Healthcare Applications in the Web 2.0 Era.- Intelligent Adaptive Monitoring for Cardiac Surveillance.- Computational Intelligence in Cognitive Healthcare Information Systems.- An Advanced Probabilistic Framework for Assisting Screening Mammogram Interpretation.- Pattern Classification Techniques for Lung Cancer Diagnosis by an Electronic Nose.- A Portable Wireless Solution for Back Pain Telemonitoring: A 3D-Based, Virtual Reality Approach.

This book is a continuation of the volumes providing various per-spectives on computational intelligence in healthcare [1-3]. This book is aimed to provide a sample of the state of art in the prac-tical applications of computational intelligence paradigms in health-care. It includes nineteen chapters on using various computational intelligent paradigms in healthcare such as intelligent agents and case-based reasoning. A number of applications and case studies are presented. This book is targeted towards scientists, application engineers, pro-fessors, health professionals, professors and students.