PART I Common Problems 1 Sudden Deterioration in Neurologic Status 2 Agitation and Delirium 3 Management of Acute Pain in the Intensive Care Unit 4 Fever and Hyperthermia 5 Very High Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure 6 Low Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure 7 Tachycardia and Bradycardia 8 Arterial Hypoxemia 9 Acute Respiratory Failure 10 Hyperbaric Oxygen in Critical Care 11 Pulmonary Edema 12 Pleural Effusion in the Intensive Care Unit 13 Polyuria 14 Oliguria 15 Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis 16 Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia 17 Hyperphosphatemia and Hypophosphatemia 18 Hypomagnesemia 19 Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia 20 Disorders of Glucose Control or Blood Glucose Disorders 21 Anemia 22 Coagulopathy in the Intensive Care Unit 23 Jaundice 24 Ascites 25 Acute Abdominal Pain 26 Ileus in Critical Illness 27 Diarrhea 28 Chest Pain 29 Biochemical or Electrocardiographic Evidence of Acute Myocardial Injury PART II Common Approaches for Organ Support, Diagnosis, and Monitoring 30 Point-of-Care Ultrasound 31 Echocardiography 32 Cardiovascular Monitoring 33 Bedside Monitoring of Pulmonary Function 34 Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation 35 Tracheal Intubation 36 Tracheostomy 37 Basic Principles of Mechanical Ventilation 38 Basic Principles of Renal Replacement Therapy 39 Target Temperature Management in Critically Ill Patients 40 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (Venovenous and Venoarterial ECMO) 41 Nutritional Support PART III Central Nervous System 42 Advanced Bedside Neuromonitoring 43 Coma 44 Use of Brain Injury Biomarkers in Critical Care Settings 45 Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation 46 Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke 47 Nontraumatic Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 48 Seizures in the Critically Ill 49 Neuromuscular Disorders in the Critically Ill 50 Traumatic Brain Injury 51 Spinal Cord Injury 52 Neuroimaging PART IV Pulmonary 53 Core Principles of Respiratory Physiology and Pathophysiology in Critical Illness 54 Patient-Ventilator Interaction 55 Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation 56 Advanced Techniques in Mechanical Ventilation 57 Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation 58 Adjunctive Respiratory Therapy 59 Intensive Care Unit Imaging 60 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 61 Drowning 62 Aspiration Pneumonitis and Pneumonia 63 Severe Asthma Exacerbation in Adults 64 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 65 Pulmonary Embolism 66 Pneumothorax 67 Community-Acquired Pneumonia 68 Nosocomial Pneumonia PART V Cardiovascular 69 Core Principles of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology in Critical Illness 70 Acute Coronary Syndromes: Therapy 71 Supraventricular Arrhythmias 72 Ventricular Arrhythmias 73 Conduction Disturbances and Cardiac Pacemakers 74 Myocarditis and Acute Myopathies 75 Pericardial Diseases 76 Emergency Heart Valve Disorders 77 Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Failure 78 Hypertensive Crisis: Emergency and Urgency 79 Pathophysiology and Classification of Shock States 80 Resuscitation From Circulatory Shock 81 Inotropic Therapy 82 Mechanical Support in Cardiogenic Shock PART VI Gastrointestinal 83 Portal Hypertension: Critical Care Considerations 84 Hepatorenal Syndrome 85 Hepatopulmonary Syndrome 86 Hepatic Encephalopathy 87 Acute Liver Failure 88 Calculous and Acalculous Cholecystitis 89 Acute Pancreatitis 90 Abdominal Sepsis 91 Mechanical Bowel Obstruction 92 Toxic Megacolon and Ogilvie's Syndrome 93 Severe Gastrointestinal Bleeding PART VII Renal 94 Core Principles of Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology in Critical Illness 95 Clinical Assessment of Renal Function 96 Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury 97 Water Metabolism 98 Advanced Techniques in Blood Purification 99 Fluid and Volume Therapy in the ICU 100 Acute Kidney Injury 101 Urinary Tract Obstruction 102 Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury 103 Glomerulonephritis 104 Interstitial Nephritis PART VIII Infectious Diseases 105 Antimicrobial Stewardship 106 Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Pneumonia 107 Antimicrobial Agents With Primary Activity Against Gram-Negative Bacteria 108 Antimicrobial Agents With Primary Activity Against Gram-Positive Bacteria 109 Antimicrobial Agents Active Against Anaerobic Bacteria 110 Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract 111 Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections 112 Septic Shock 113 Infections of the Urogenital Tract 114 Central Nervous System Infections 115 Infections of Skin, Muscle, and Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections 116 Head and Neck Infections 117 Infectious Endocarditis 118 Fungal Infections 119 Influenza and Acute Viral Syndromes 120 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection 121 Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient 122 Tuberculosis 123 Malaria and Other Tropical Infections in the Intensive Care Unit 124 Clostridioides difficile Infection PART IX Hematology 125 Anemia and RBC Transfusion 126 Guidelines for Blood Component Therapy 127 Venous Thromboembolism 128 Anticoagulation in the Intensive Care Unit 129 Monitoring of Coagulation Status 130 Critical Care of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipient PART X Obstetrics 131 Cardiovascular and Endocrinologic Changes Associated With Pregnancy 132 Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy 133 Acute Pulmonary Complications During Pregnancy 134 Postpartum Hemorrhage PART XI Endocrine 135 Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State 136 Adrenal Insufficiency 137 Thyroid Disorders 138 Diabetes Insipidus PART XII Pharmacology and Toxicology 139 General Principles of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 140 Poisoning: Overview of Approaches for Evaluation and Treatment PART XIII Surgery/Trauma 141 Resuscitation of Hypovolemic Shock 142 Mediastinitis 143 Epistaxis 144 Management of the Postoperative Cardiac Surgical Patient 145 Intensive Care Unit Management of Lung Transplant Patients 146 Perioperative Management of the Liver Transplant Patient 147 Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplantation: The Ultimate Treatment for Intestinal Failure 148 Aortic Dissection 149 Mesenteric Ischemia 150 Abdominal Compartment Syndrome 151 Extremity Compartment Syndromes 152 Thromboembolization and Thrombolytic Therapy 153 Atheroembolization 154 Pressure Ulcers 155 Burns, Including Inhalation Injury 156 Thoracic Trauma 157 Abdominal Trauma 158 Pelvic Fractures and Long Bone Fractures 159 Determination of Brain Death and Management of the Brain-Dead Organ Donor 160 Donation After Cardiac Death (Non-Heart-Beating Donation) PART XIV Ethical and End-of-Life Issues 161 Conversations With Families of Critically Ill Patients 162 Resource Allocation in the Intensive Care Unit 163 Basic Ethical Principles in Critical Care PART XV Organization and Management 164 Building Teamwork to Improve Outcomes 165 Severity of Illness Indices and Outcome Prediction 166 Long-Term Outcomes of Critical Illness 167 Early Ambulation in the ICU 168 Mass Critical Care 169 Telemedicine in Intensive Care 170 Teaching Critical Care Online Chapters E1 Difficult Airway Management for Intensivists, 1370.e1 E2 Bedside Ultrasonography, 1370.e36 E3 Central Venous Catheterization, 1370.e67 E4 Arterial Cannulation and Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement, 1370.e71 E5 Bedside Pulmonary Artery Catheterization, 1370.e80 E6 Cardioversion and Defibrillation, 1370.e83 E7 Transvenous and Transcutaneous Cardiac Pacing, 1370.e85 E8 Ventricular Assist Device Implantation, 1370.e87 E9 Pericardiocentesis, 1370.e90 E10 Paracentesis and Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage, 1370.e95 E11 Thoracentesis, 1370.e99 E12 Chest Tube Placement, Care, and Removal, 1370.e101 E13 Fiber-Optic Bronchoscopy, 1370.e105 E14 Bronchoalveolar Lavage and Protected Specimen Bronchial Brushing, 1370.e111 E15 Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy, 1370.e114 E16 Esophageal Balloon Tamponade, 1370.e118 E17 Nasoenteric Feeding Tube Insertion, 1370.e120 E18 Lumbar Puncture, 1370.e122 E19 Jugular Venous and Brain Tissue Oxygen Tension Monitoring, 1370.e124 E20 Intracranial Pressure Monitoring, 1370.e130 E21 Indirect Calorimetry, 1370.e133 E22 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Cannulation, 1370.e134 Index