This volume analyses the transition of Chinese medicine during the modern era, and the development of product and service niches in selected countries: China, Malaysia, Japan and the Philippines. By investigating the major actors behind the transition, it explores in what way and to what extent these actors affect the transition.

Chapter 1. Introduction.- Part I. Professionalization, Integration, and Hybridity.- Chapter 2. The Origin and Systematic Development of Chinese Medicine Education in China from Historic time to Date.- Chapter 3. The Evolution and Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in Healthcare System and Integrated Medicine in China.- Part II. Commodification and Marketing.- Chapter 4. Tibetan Healing Traditions, Scientific Commodification, and Cultural Identity.- Chapter 5. Medical Marketplaces, Commercialism, and Chinese Medicine in the Cholera Pandemic in Southeast Coastal China, 1961–1965.- Chapter 6. Chinese Medicine in Cosmetic Market in China: History, Contemporary Development, and ChallengesPart III.Transnational Transition .- Chapter 7. Chinese Medicine in Malaysia after Decolonization: Segregation and Unequal Access.- Chapter 8. Current Challenges and Issues for Traditional and Complementary Medicine (T&CM) inMalaysia.- Chapter 9. Imperial Medicine and Ethnicity in an Urban Society: Cholera Epidemics in the Philippines.- Chapter 10. Perceptions on Illness and Wellness in East Asia: Contemporary Views on Japanese Medical Systems and Traditions.

This volume analyses the transition of Chinese medicine during the modern era, and the development of product and service niches in selected countries: China, Malaysia, Japan and the Philippines. By investigating the major actors behind the transition, it explores in what way and to what extent these actors affect the transition. It argues that the transnational transition of Chinese medicine is caused not only by spontaneous cultural and social factors, i.e. population growth, technological innovation and acculturation, but also by hegemonic political and economic factors such as Western influence, adoption of the philosophy of modern state, and global commodification of indigenous medical specialties. Md. Nazrul Islam is an Associate Professor at the General Education Office, BNU-HKBU United International College. He holds a PhD in Sociology from the University of Hong Kong; an MSc in Community Health and Health Management from Heidelberg University; and a Bachelor’s (First Class Honours) in Anthropology from Jahangirnagar University. Dr Islam has held visiting positions at the University of British Columbia, the University of Hong Kong, and Ateneo de Manila University. He is the author of Chinese and Indian Medicine Today-Branding Asia, published by Springer (2017).

Argues that the transnational transition of Chinese medicine has increasingly segregated the practice Synthesizes the twenty first century development in the education and hospital practice of Chinese medicine in China and could be seen as revival of apprenticeship practice Examines the commodification and contamination of Chinese medicine by the drug and health product manufacturers to meet the market demand