The technical aspects and technological advances in the surgical management of cerebral midline tumors will be covered by several chapters focusing of the optic pathways’ tumors, third ventricle tumors, mesencephalon and pineal body tumors.

On the burden of childhood cancer across the globe.- Brain stem surgery: functional anatomy and role of intraoperative neurophysiology.-MR protocols for pediatric neurosurgical conditions: an update guide for neurosurgeons.-hiari malformation and syringomyelia in Children: Classification and treatment options.-Interdisciplinary orbital surgery - lessons learned from a pediatric cohort.-Optic Pathway gliomas: the trends of basic research to reduce the impact of the disease on visual function.-Endoscopic endonasal surgery for uncommon pathologies of the sellar and parasellar regions.- Surgical Approaches to the third ventricle. An update.-Surgical approaches to the mesencephalon.-Treatment strategy and current results of petroclival meningiomas.-Parasagittal meningiomas: Simpson rate of resection and recurrence rare.-Occipital transtentorial approach to pineal/para-pineal tumors.-Epilepsy Surgery in Children: Cortical Dysplasia.-Callosotomy.- Intracranial Blister Aneurysms.- Pediatric spinal AVM. 

​This new multithematic book in the series Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery offers an update on several basic and clinical problems in neurosurgery. The main topics are cerebral tumors, epilepsy and vascular malformations. The first chapter will deal with the burden of childhood cancer across the globe, a particular relevant problem in times where economic restrictions and the increased difficulties to access cure are the direct impact of the Covid19 pandemic. A very detailed chapter will provide new guidelines for neuroimaging investigations for intracerebral pathological conditions of surgical interest in the pediatric population. The technical aspects and technological advances in the surgical management of cerebral midline tumors will be covered by several chapters focusing of the optic pathways’ tumors, third ventricle tumors, mesencephalon and pineal body tumors. An  update on Chiari malformations and syringomyelia, on the surgical management of epilepsy andon cerebral aneurysms and pediatric spinal vascular malformations will be provided in the remaining contributions. All chapters contribute to an important advancement in the relevant fields, thus offering a valuable contribution to the management of difficult clinical conditions.