Contents Foreword ix Introduction to reassessing the articles on the responsibility of international organizations 1 Antal Berkes, Richard Collins and Rossana Deplano PART I ASSESSING ARIO TEN YEARS LATER 1 Ten years spent attributing the conduct to an international organization 17 Lorenzo Gasbarri 2 The customary status of the articles on responsibility of international organizations: a critical assessment of its scholarly treatment 35 Diego Mejía-Lemos PART II RESPONSIBILITY IN PRACTICE: SELECT CASE STUDIES 3 The responsibility of the United Nations during stabilization operations 64 Alexander Gilder 4 The international responsibility of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization – do ARIO represent an effective tool? 86 Petra Ditrichová 5 The role of ARIO’s attribution rules in determining the respondent under the CETA 104 Zdeněk Nový PART III SHARED RESPONSIBILITY 6 International organizations in the law of the sea framework: overcoming the hurdles of international responsibility 133 Vonintsoa Rafaly 7 The responsibility of international organisations for international data sharing 147 Antal Berkes 8 Many hands in the black box: artificial intelligence and the responsibility of international organizations 168 Magdalena Pacholska 9 Responsibility of international organizations for the conduct of private military and security companies 185 Bence Kis Kelemen and Ágoston Mohay PART IV PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENT 10 Internal rules as lex specialis under the ARIO? The example of the EU accession to the ECHR 207 Vassilis Pergantis 11 Responsibility of arbitral institutions: a dual approach to institutional wrongdoings 225 Nikola Kurkova Kl’mova 12 Rethinking the responsibility of the International Committee of the Red Cross: a sui generis regime 243 Sergey Sayapin 13 COVID-19 and the World Health Organization: further exposing weaknesses in the foundation of the law of responsibility 260 Scarlett McArdle Conclusion to reassessing the articles on the responsibility of international organizations 284 Antal Berkes, Richard Collins and Rossana Deplano

‘This exciting new book draws together a diverse range of scholars to review practice on one of the most vexed problems in the discipline. With a creative combination of approaches and case studies, many on novel topics, this volume is sure to become an indispensable reference for future scholarship.’