List of Contributors xiii Preface xiv Acknowledgements xv About the Companion Website xvii 1 Introduction to Police Custody 1 Matthew Peel, Jennie Smith, Vanessa Webb, and Margaret Bannerman Introduction 1 Consensus 2 Forensic Healthcare Practitioners 2 About Police Custody Healthcare 4 Detained Individuals 4 Conditions of Detention 4 Those Working in Custody 5 Legislation 6 Consent 8 Confidentiality and Information Sharing 8 Trauma-Informed Care 9 Security 9 Conclusion 10 Learning Activities 11 Resources 11 References 11 Further Reading 11 2 History of Forensic Science 12 Esther McPhail Introduction 12 Early Evidence of Forensic Science 12 1700s – Advancements in Forensic Science 13 1813 – The Forensic Detection of Arsenic 13 1835 – The First Use of Bullet Comparison 13 1850s – The Use of Anthropometric Data 13 Dr Edmond Locard 14 1900 – Human Blood Groups Identified 15 1937 – The Discovery and Use of Luminol 15 Present Day Forensic Science 15 Conclusion 17 Resources 17 Reference 17 Further Reading 17 3 Fitness Assessments 18 Matthew Peel Introduction 18 Approach to Fitness Assessments 19 Fitness to Detain 21 Fitness to Interview 23 Fitness to Charge 27 Fitness to Release (Pre-Release Risk Assessment) 28 Fitness to Travel 29 Fitness to Plead 29 Conclusion 29 Learning Activities 29 Resources 29 References 30 Further Reading 30 4 Vulnerability and Appropriate Adults 31 Chris Bath and Roxanna Dehaghani Introduction 31 Appropriate Adults 31 The Role of an AA 32 Who Can Act as an AA 32 Children and Vulnerable People 33 Healthcare Responsibilities 35 Risks to Justice 36 Research Findings 36 Conclusion 38 Learning Activities 39 Resources 39 References 39 Further Reading 40 5 Managing Long-Term Conditions 41 Vanessa Webb Introduction 41 Cardiology and Vascular Disease 42 Respiratory Disease 44 Endocrine Disease 46 Gastrointestinal Renal Urology and Gynaecology Disease 49 Neurology 51 Musculo-Skeletal Conditions 53 Infectious Diseases Including Sexual Health 54 Other Considerations 56 Conclusion 57 Learning Activities 57 Resources 58 References 58 Further Reading 58 6 Mental Health 59 Vanessa Webb and Abdulla Kraam Introduction 59 Assessment 60 Care Planning and Pre-Release Risk Assessment 63 Level of Observations 63 Our Approach 63 Children and Adolescents in Police Custody 64 Common Conditions Seen in Custody 65 Understanding Why People May Not Behave as Expected? 68 Common Treatments for Mental Health 68 Mental Health Legislation 69 Local Pathways for Mental Health 70 Additional Considerations 71 Conclusion 71 Learning Activities 71 Resources 71 References 72 Further Reading 72 7 Medicine Management 73 Vanessa Webb and Dipti Patel Introduction 73 Medicines Legislation 74 How Patients Can Access Medicines 74 Holistic Assessment 76 How to Manage Patient’s Own Medicines 76 PGD’s or Prescribing in Custody 77 Management of Controlled Drugs 77 Common Medications Given in Custody 77 Conclusion 79 Learning Activities 80 Resources 80 References 80 Further Reading 80 8 Minor Illness 82 Matthew Peel, Samantha Holmes, and Nick Skinner Introduction 82 Assessment 82 Toothache 84 Chest Pain 84 Abdominal Pain 84 Dizziness 85 Transient Loss of Consciousness (Collapse) 88 Cold and Flu-like Illnesses (Including Covid-19) 89 Skin Infections 90 Chronic Leg Ulcers 91 Back Pain 91 Drug Reactions 92 Conclusion 93 Learning Activities 93 Resources 93 References 93 Further Reading 93 9 Minor Injuries 94 Jennie Smith Introduction 94 Assessment 94 Head Injury 95 Cervical Spine Injuries 96 Hand Wrist and Finger Injuries 97 Joint Dislocations 99 Ankle Injuries 100 Tetanus 102 Bite Injuries 103 Wound Care 103 Conclusion 103 Learning Activities 104 Resources 104 References 104 Further Reading 104 10 Substance Use and Misuse 105 Jennie Smith Introduction 105 Definitions 105 Legislation 106 Drug Classification 107 Intoxication 107 Depressants 109 Opioids 113 Stimulants 115 Cannabinoids 118 Dissociatives 118 Conclusion 118 Learning Activities 119 Resources 119 References 119 11 Use of Force 120 Matthew Peel and Samantha Holmes Introduction 120 Physical Restraint 121 Leg Restraints 123 Spit Hoods 123 Handcuffs 124 Batons 125 Irritant Sprays 125 Conducted Energy Device (Taser) 126 Dog Bites 129 Attenuating Energy Projectiles (Baton Rounds) 129 Restraint-Related Deaths 131 Conclusion 132 Learning Activities 132 Resources 132 References 132 Further Reading 133 12 Road Traffic Law and Procedures 134 Alex Guymer Introduction 134 Road Traffic Legislation 135 Aviation Train and Maritime Offences 137 The Healthcare Professional’s Role 138 Road Traffic Procedures and Sampling 138 Conclusion 143 Learning Activities 143 Resources 143 References 143 Further Reading 144 13 Evidence Collection (Documenting Injuries and Samples) 145 Esther McPhail Introduction 145 Documenting Injuries 146 Forensic Samples 155 Conclusion 167 Learning Activities 167 Resources 168 References 168 Further Reading 168 14 Safeguarding 169 Amanda McDonough, Nicola Sheridan, and Mandy Smail Introduction 169 Safeguarding Children 170 Safeguarding Adults 172 Domestic Violence and Abuse 174 Conclusion 177 Learning Activities 177 Resources 178 References 178 Further Reading 179 15 Writing Statements and Giving Evidence 180 Matthew Peel Introduction 180 Overview of the Criminal Court Systems 181 Witnesses 182 Statements 183 Attending Court 186 Conclusion 188 Learning Activities 189 Resources 189 References 189 Further Reading 189 16 Special Circumstances 190 Matthew Peel and Thomas Bird Introduction 191 Terrorism Act 2000 191 Pregnancy 193 Children in Custody 195 Drug Concealment (Packer Stuffer and Pusher) 197 Conclusion 200 Learning Activities 201 Resources 201 References 201 Further Reading 202 17 Governance 203 Vanessa Webb Introduction 203 The Legislative Standards 203 Regulatory Environment 204 Healthcare Expectations in Police Custody 204 Quality and Safety for Healthcare in Police Custody 204 Introduction to Leadership 209 Conclusion 210 Learning Activities 211 Resources 211 References 211 Further Reading 211 18 Professional Ethics 212 Vanessa Webb Introduction 212 Introduction to Ethics 213 Introduction to Law 213 Healthcare Law and Ethics and their Interface 214 Consent and the Mental Capacity Act 214 Confidentiality 216 Using a Decision-Making Framework to Support Critical Thinking 217 Acting in an Objective and Impartial Manner 218 Conclusion 219 Learning Activities 219 Resources 219 References 219 Further Reading 220 19 Emergencies 221 Matthew Peel, Nick Hart, and Nick Skinner Introduction 221 Cardiac Arrest 223 A-B-C-D-E Approach 226 Acute Behavioural Disturbance 229 Alcoholic Ketoacidosis 230 Anaphylaxis 231 Asthma (Acute Exacerbation) 233 Cardiac Chest Pain 233 Delirium Tremens 233 Hypo/Hyperglycaemia 233 Overdose 238 Seizures 239 Sepsis 241 Wernicke’s Encephalopathy 243 Deaths in Custody 243 Conclusion 243 Learning Activities 243 Resources 244 References 244 Further Reading 244 Index 245

An essential resource for nurses and paramedics navigating the intricate world of police custody, providing a solid guide for both the novices and the veterans in the field Across the UK there are on average over 750,000 episodes of police detentions annually, the equivalent of over 2,000 a day. Each one is entitled to healthcare comparable to the wider community. It is estimated on average 54% of these detained individuals are referred to a healthcare professional because of a complex mix of physical health, mental health, medication, substance misuse or social issues. Healthcare professionals working in custody must navigate this complex mix while working within a short-term detention setting. Police Custody Healthcare for Nurses and Paramedics offers a thorough, accessible introduction to this subject and its key aspects. Nurses and paramedics working in police custody healthcare settings will find a volume that addresses their specific needs, with guidelines for understanding initial patient contact, potential comorbidity, mental illness, forensic sampling, documenting injuries, writing statements, and much more. Aligned to the UK Association of Forensic Nurses and Paramedics’ Advanced Standards in Education and Training (ASET), this is a must-have resource for professionals in this growing area of practice. Readers will also find: The first text written specifically for nurses and paramedics by nurses and paramedics with extensive experience in police custodyDetailed discussion of topics including fitness assessment, medicines management, use of force restraints, and much morePedagogical tools including self-assessment questions, case studies, and learning outcomes Police Custody Healthcare for Nurses and Paramedics is ideal for trainee or registered nurses and paramedics working in police custody healthcare settings or other detention settings.