The book includes various demographic and pension scenarios for pension costs in the coming decades for Austria, Canada, the Czech and Slovak Republics, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, and Sweden.

1. Introduction.- 1.1. Background.- 1.2. Problem formulation and scope.- 1.3. Outline of this book.- 1.4. A synopsis of recent trends in living arrangements in industrialized countries.- 2. Modelling the dynamics of living arrangements.- 2.1. Options for living arrangements.- 2.2. Existing models for living arrangements.- 2.3. General aspects of the demographic models used in the project.- 2.4. Data for living arrangements models.- 3. Demographic changes and the pension problem: evidence from twelve countries.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Ageing and changes in living arrangements.- 3.3. Sociodemographic changes and the future of state pension systems.- 3.4. Assessing pension reforms.- 3.5. Conclusion: Ageing is certain but is the pension.- Appendix 3.1 Marital status projection model.- 4. Demographic changes and economic growth in pension systems: the case of Sweden.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Funded versus pay-as-you-go-systems: A theoretical note.- 4.3. The Swedish pension system.- 4.4. Demographic and economic changes and their effects on the Swedish pension system.- 4.5. Conclusions.- 5. Changing family structure and an emancipatory pension policy: the case of Austria.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Demographic model and data.- 5.3. A policy simulation tool.- 5.4. Female population structure.- 5.5. Cost-benefit analysis.- 5.6. Summary and discussion.- 6. Modelling the impact of changing household structure on social security in the Netherlands.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Model specification.- 6.3. From data to input parameters.- 6.4. User profiles for social security.- 6.5. Demographic scenarios for the Netherlands, 1986–2050.- 6.6. The effects on social security expenditure.- 6.7. Summary and conclusions.- 7. Conclusions and evaluation.- 7.1. General..- 7.2. Substantiveand methodological conclusions.- 7.3. Project assessment.- 7.4. Challenges for the future.- Appendix: Country case study reports.- The authors of this volume.

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