Contributors List ix Foreword xiii Preface xv 1 Introduction 1Gila Albert, Erwin A. Blackstone, Simon Hakim, and Yoram Shiftan Section I Motivation and Challenges 23 2 Terrorist Targeting of Public Transportation: Ideology and Tactics 25Shmuel Bar 3 On the Rationality and Optimality of Transportation Networks Defense: A Network Centrality Approach 35Yaniv Altshuler, Rami Puzis, Yuval Elovici, Shlomo Bekhor, and Alex (Sandy) Pentland 4 Adaptive Resilience and Critical Infrastructure Security: Emergent Challenges for Transportation and Cyberphysical Infrastructure 65Corri Zoli and Laura J. Steinberg 5 Travelers’ Perceptions of Security for Long‐Distance Travel: An Exploratory Italian Study 91Eva Valeri, Amanda Stathopoulos, and Edoardo Marcucci 6 Securing Transportation Systems from Radiological Threats 109Eric P. Rubenstein, Gordon A. Drukier, and Peter Zimmerman 7 Protecting Transportation Infrastructure against Radiological Threat 129Ilan Yaar, Itzhak Halevy, Zvi Berenstein, and Avi Sharon Section II Security Consideration for Modes of Transportation 149 8 Securing Public Transit Systems 151Martin Wachs, Camille N.Y. Fink, Anastasia Loukaitou‐Sideris, and Brian D. Taylor 9 Railroad Infrastructure: Protecting an Increasingly Vulnerable Asset 177Jeremy F. Plant and Richard R. Young 10 Freight Railroad Security: A Case Study of Post‐9/11 Effectiveness 189Roland D. Pandolfi, Jr. 11 Cost‐Effective Airport Security Policy 205Robert W. Poole, Jr. 12 Seaport Operations and Security 233Willard Price and Ali Hashemi 13 Pathologies of Privatization in the Transportation Worker Identification Credential Program 257Benjamin Inman and John C. Morris 14 Traveler’s Security Perceptions and Port Choices 271Amalia Polydoropoulou and Athena Tsirimpa 15 Pipeline Security 281Luca Talarico, Kenneth Sörensen, Genserik Reniers, and Johan Springael Section III The Role of Transportation in Evacuation 313 16 Evacuation from Disaster Zones: Lessons from recent disasters in Australia and Japan 315Daniel Baldwin Hess and Christina M. Farrell 17 Evacuation Planning and Preparedness in the Aftermath of Katrina, Rita, Irene, and Sandy: Lessons Learned 345David S. Heller 18 Rural Evacuation and Public Transportation 363Jaydeep Chaudhari, Zhirui Ye, and Dhrumil Patel Index 377

Addresses problems and offers solutions in securing transportation systems, improves efficiency and provides market orientation that yield technological and managerial innovations Transportation systems are essential for economic vitality, growth, and well-being of any region. These systems are vulnerable to both terrorist attacks and natural disasters that could lead to immediate and long-term catastrophic consequences. Securing Transportation Systems focuses on what the weaknesses are and how to protect airports, water ports, highways, tunnels, bridges, rail and mass transit. A major effort is made to explain why government should not carry the major responsibility of securing transportation systems, how to shed non-public responsibilities and contract out others. The invited chapters are categorized into three sections. The first section explains religious motivation for terrorist attacks against mass transit, describing radiological, cyber, and nuclear threats and presents prevention challenges. The second section describes and evaluates the security of the various modes of transportation. The final section deals with evacuation problems and solutions when disasters occur. Planning for prevention, response, and recovery of transportation infrastructures are a major consideration of policy makers and professionals in homeland security. Securing Transportation Systems is a valuable resource for them.