This meticulously researched book may be the most comprehensive treatment of police use of force there is. The authors carefully explain how force legally may be used, and how it should be regulated. This should be required reading for all policing leadership. Highly recommended.

- Barry Friedman, Jacob D. Fuchsberg Professor of Law and Director of the Policing Project at NYU School of Law,

A timely and needed tool with which to engage in critical debates around policing and police violence ... The value of this analysis for our understanding of police violence is difficult to overstate

Theoretical Criminology

These authors are at the forefront of those who probe the complex questions that can arise when an officer shoots a civilian. This book is an indispensable guide for anyone who wants to better understand police use of force. At the <i>Washington Post</i> we have relied on Geoff Alpert’s expertise to untangle use-of-force issues. Here, he and his co-authors advance the public discussion of this important topic.

- Jeff Leen, Investigations Editor at the Washington Post,

An informed, in-depth review of one of the most controversial and misunderstood aspects of modern policing: the use of force. Everyone—from police chiefs to judges to community activists—would benefit from the insights this book provides.

- Art Acevedo, Chief, Houston Police Department,

No book has offered a full account of the legal standards used to evaluate use-of-force incidents—until now. The authors bring decades of combined academic and practical expertise in law, criminology, and policing to comprehensively lay out not only federal constitutional law, but state law, administrative standards, and tactical considerations that influence the use of force. As a result, every reader—whatever their perspective or experience—will walk away far more knowledgeable about how the use of force by police officers is governed in the United States.

- Rachel Harmon, University of Virginia School of Law,