Contents: PART I BACKGROUND 1. Introduction: How to Achieve Active Inclusion in a Multi-layered Political Context? Rune Halvorsen and Bjørn Hvinden 2. Who is Poor? Linking Perceptions of Poor People and Political Responses to Poverty Bjørn Hvinden and Rune Halvorsen 3. Poverty and Social Exclusion as Challenge for Active Inclusion – The Spatial Dimension Elisabeth Ugreninov and Dorethee Spannagel 4. Poverty and Social Inclusion as Emerging Policy Arenas in the EU Maurizio Ferrera and Matteo Jessoula PART II A MULTI-LEVEL SYSTEM AS SEEN FROM THE NATIONAL ANGLE 5. Institutional Arrangements and Policy Coordination in National Anti-poverty Regimes Daniel Clegg 6. Have Governments Designed Provisions for Lone Mothers, Long-term Unemployed and Working Poor to be Multidimensional and Integrated? Anna Angelin, Hayley Bennett and Marianna Zieleńska 7. Killing, Domesticating or Feeding the Snake: The Implementation of the Europe 2020 Anti-poverty Component at the National Level Matteo Jessoula PART III A MULTI-LEVEL SYSTEM AS SEEN FROM SUBNATIONAL ANGLES 8. Approaches, Actors and Models of Vertical Collaborative Governance Arrangements in Combating Poverty - Five European Cities Compared Max Koch and Alexandru Panican 9. Mixing Multi-level and Network Governance: How do Local Actors Relate to the Policies, Steering Mechanisms and Resources of Higher-level Actors? Håkan Johansson and Franca Maino 10. The Perspectives of Lone Mothers, Long-term Unemployed and Working Poor People on Provisions for Active Inclusion Wiesława Kozek and Julia Kubisa PART IV CONCLUSION 11. An Emerging Multilevel System of Active Inclusion in Europe? Bjørn Hvinden and Rune Halvorsen Index