Contents: 1 Human rights, liberal democracies and challenges of national security 1 Kasey McCall-Smith, Andrea Birdsall and Elisenda Casanas Adam PART I HUMAN RIGHTS TRANSITIONS – THEORETICAL DEBATES AND DOCTRINAL CHALLENGES 2 Key challenges to human rights in democracies at a time of transition: Where to now? 16 Francesca Klug 3 The forgotten principle of fraternité : Re-interpreting the last three articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 41 Yota Negishi 4 Human rights protection and state capacity: The doctrinal implications of the statist character of international human rights law 64 Mátyás Bódig PART II CO-OPTION AND EJECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN LIBERAL DEMOCRACIES 5 US counterterrorism and the denial of fundamental rights from torture to fair trial 90 Kasey McCall-Smith 6 Counterterrorism and challenges to human rights: Justifying drones and targeted killing as acts of self-defence 116 Andrea Birdsall 7 The alleged backlash against human rights: Evidence from Denmark and the UK 139 Jacques Hartmann and Samuel White PART III HUMAN RIGHTS AND NATIONAL SECURITY CHALLENGES BEYOND THE STATE 8 Surveillance measures and the exception of national security in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights 165 Pierre Notermans 9 Constructing a right to counterterrorism: Law, politics and the Security Council 189 Vivek Bhatt 10 Non-state actors that aspire to be states: White spots on the international human rights protection map? 216 Linda Hamid 11 Reflections on human rights and contemporary challenges raised by national security discourse 242 Kasey McCall-Smith, Andrea Birdsall and Elisenda Casanas Adam Index 255