III. The Early Modern West: From the Renaissance to the Enlightenment 13. The Italian Renaissance: Transition to the Modern Age The Break with the Middle Ages Renaissance Thought and Literature Italian Renaissance Art Music 14. The Northern Renaissance and Reformation: Early Humanism and the Rise of Protestantism Early Northern Humanism The Protestant Reformation 15. Later Humanism, Art, and Music Literature Art of Northern Europe Later Italian Art Music 16. The Age of the Baroque in Literature, Art, and Music Literature Art Music 17. The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment: Intellectual Transformations The Medieval View of the Universe A New View of Nature The Age of Enlightenment: Affirmation of Reason and Freedom 18. The Arts in the Age of Enlightenment English Literature French Literature Art Music IV. The Modern West: From Classicism to Modernism 19. The Arts in the Era of the French Revolution The French Revolution and Napoleon Classical Music 20. Age of Romanticism: A New Cultural Orientation The Rise of Ideologies The Romantic Revolt Against the Enlightenment Goethe and German Romanticism English Romantic Poetry The Novel in the Age of Romanticism Creating a Truly American Literature Romantic Art Romantic Music 21.Thought and Literature in an Age of Science and Industrialism: Realism, Secularism, and Reform The Historical Setting Currents of Thought European Literature American Literature 22. Realism, Impressionism, and Later Romanticism in Art and Music Realism in Art Impressionism Architecture Later Romanticism in Music 23. Modern Consciousness: New Views of Nature and Human Nature Politics and Society Currents of Thought The Modernist Movement Modernist Literature Modern Art Modernism in Music V. Modernism and Beyond 24. World War I and Its Aftermath: The Lost Generation and the Jazz Age World War I and the Russian Revolution Literature Art Music 25. The Era of Totalitarianism and World War II: Descent into the Abyss Western Civilization in Crisis Literature Art Music 26. The Contemporary Age A New Europe and a New World Thought Literature Art Music