Preface Abbreviations Names and terms Chronology   INTRODUCTION The Seljuqs The “Schools” of Law The Notion of Kalam The Mu‘tazili Factor Ash‘ari and the Three Brothers Philosophy (Falsafa) The Isma‘ilis Sufism   1 THE RISE TO RENOWN A Child of Khorasan The Stages of his Career Early Studies: Sufi Masters and Theologians Juwayni The Patronage of the Powerful Ghazali at Court The Temptations of Prestige   2 DEVOTION TO THE LAW Ghazali’s Contributions to Law The Example of Analogy (qiyas) The Indolence of the Learned Shafi‘i: the Beloved Model Fidelity to the Law   3 THE DOUBLE-EDGED DISCIPLINE: GHAZALI AND THEOLOGY Theology vs Philosophy Against a “Religion of Donkeys” Ghazali the Theologian The Dogmatic Manual al-Iqtisad fi’l-i‘tiqad Ghazali’s Mode of Argument in “The Just Balance” The Shadow of Ibn Sina A Human Accent Ghazali on Divine Names The Absence of Insight as Insight A Manual for Meditation Ghazali’s Attitude towards Kalam   4 THE POISON OF PHILOSOPHY AND ITS ANTIDOTE Did Ghazali Destroy Philosophy in Islam? The Seductiveness of System The Exposition of Philosophy: the Maqasid al-Falasifa The Attack: Tahafut al-Falasifa   5 CRISIS AND RECOVERY The Breakdown of 1095 Sickness and Health Al-Munqidh min al-Dalal (“The Deliverer from Error”) Scepticism and Ghazali: His Early Crisis The Significance of Dream The Four Ways The Decisive Break and the Departure from Baghdad Baghdad, the “Nest of Darkness” The Role of Ahmad Ghazali   6 THE REVIVAL OF ISLAM The Character of the Ihya’ The Architecture of the Ihya’   CONCLUSION: KNOWLEDGE IN ACTION The Return to Teaching Death and Posthumous Career   Bibliography Index