Introduction: exploring religion and war Margo Kitts; Part I. Classical Foundations: 1. Biblical paradigms for war in history and eschatology John Collins; 2. Early Christianity and war Paul Middleton; 3. Fighting and martial valor in Islamic thought Asma Afsaruddin; 4. Hinduism and war Kaushik Roy; 5. The Buddha in the ring of fire: the Buddhist ethics of warfare Stephen Jenkins; 6. Sikhism: exploring the notion of a righteous war (Dharam Yudh) Pashaura Singh; 7. Religion and war in traditional China Barend ter Haar; 8. Buddhism and war in premodern Japan Brian A. Victoria; Part II. Just War: 9. Judaism and the ethics of war Reuven Kimelman; 10. Just war in Christian thought, from the age of Augustine through the Early Modern period James Turner Johnson; 11. Islam and the just war tradition: post-classical developments David Cook; 12. Is there a Hindu just war? Torkel Brekke; 13. Buddhist just war traditions Kristin Scheible; Part III. Religious Nationalism: 14. War in religious zionism Robert Eisen; 15. Christian nationalism and millennialism in the United States Angela M. Lahr; 16. The elusive dream of pan-Islamism Mohammed M. Hafez; 17. Killing for the Hindu nation: Hindu nationalism and its violent excesses Kathinka Frøystad; 18. Nationalism, violence and war in Myanmar's Theravāda Buddhist context Matthew J. Walton; Part IV. Featured Conflicts: 19. Christian crusading, ritual, and liturgy M. Cecilia Gaposchkin; 20. A paradigm of righteous Jihād in the Muslim ethos Osman Latiff; 21. Fierce Goddesses of India: Durga and Kali June McDaniel; 22. The demonological framework of the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace Barend ter Haar; 23. War outside the state: religious communities, martiality and state formation in Early Modern South Asia Anne Murphy.