1. Introduction (by Frajzyngier, Zygmunt); 2. What are we typologists doing? (by Lazard, Gilbert); 3. The canonical approach in typology* (by Corbett, Greville G.); 4. What is an empirical theory of linguistic meaning a theory of? (by Raccah, Pierre-Yves); 5. Language processes, theory and description of language change, and building on the past: Lessons from Songhay (by Nicolai, Robert); 6. On the part played by human conscious choice in language structure and language evolution (by Hagege, Claude); 7. The challenge of polygrammaticalization for linguistic theory: Fractal grammar and transcategorical functioning (by Robert, Stephane); 8. On discourse frequency, grammar, and grammaticalization (by Pustet, Regina); 9. On the assumption of the sentence as the basic unit of syntactic structure (by Mithun, Marianne); 10. Adpositions as a non-universal category (by DeLancey, Scott); 11. Understanding antigemination (by Blevins, Juliette); 12. What it means to be rare: The variability of person marking (by Cysouw, Michael); 13. The principle of Functional Transparency in language structure and in language evolution (by Frajzyngier, Zygmunt); 14. The importance of discourse analysis for linguistic theory: A Mandarin Chinese Illustration (by Tao, Liang); 15. Compounding theories and linguistic diversity (by Soegaard, Anders); 16. Inalienability and possessum individuation* (by Lichtenberk, Frantisek); 17. Resultativeness in English: A sign-oriented approach (by Gorlach, Marina); 18. Encoding speaker perspective: Evidentials (by Haan, Ferdinand de); 19. Distinguishing between referential and grammatical function in morphological typology (by Vajda, Edward J.); 20. Index