’[These articles] cohere to form a profound portrait of the medieval Middle East... This collection is a landmark in the work of one of our leading Arabists.’ Times Literary Supplement 'Irwin writes with clarity and judiciousness, and many of the essays will be of interest not only to scholars in the field (who will already be familiar with some of them), but also to students.' Crusades 'This thick, rich and illuminating volume represents only a small part of Robert Irwin’s work. He is an extremely prolific scholar and a man of many interests and abilities. This could well be merely the first of several Variorum volumes because he has published more on other subjects and shows no sign of easing up on his work load. Perhaps Irwin’s greatest asset is his literary prowess, which opens up areas of academia to those who would previously have been put off by the obscurity of the subject and the language in which it was expressed. This collection of papers will not only gain Robert Irwin more devotees but will open up MamlÅ«k studies and mediaeval Islamia to many who might otherwise have been discouraged.' Journal of Qur’anic Studies