Conventions and Explanatory Notes ; Chronology ; Introduction ; Part I: The Context of Seventeenth-Century China ; 1. Reenvisioning Buddhism in the Late Ming ; 2. The Literati and Chan Buddhism ; 3. The Rise of Chan Buddhism ; Part II: The Principle of Chan ; 4. Clashes among Enlightened Minds ; 5. The Divergence of Interpretation ; 6. The Yongzheng Emperor and Imperial Intervention ; Part III: Lineage Matters ; 7. The Debate about Tianhuang Daowu and Tianwang Daowu in the Late Ming ; 8. The Lawsuit about Feiyin Tongrong's Wudeng yantong in the Early Qing ; 9. The Aftermath ; Part IV: Critical Analysis ; 10. Explaining the Rise and Fall of Chan Buddhism ; 11. The Pattern of Buddhist Revival in the Past ; Concluding Remarks ; Appendix 1 ; Appendix 2 ; Appendix 3 ; Glossary ; Abbreviations of Dictionaries and Collections ; Notes ; Bibliography ; Index