Preface ix Acknowledgements xi Sources xiii Part I: Classic Sources 1 The Modern System of the Arts 3Paul Oskar Kristeller 2 The Ancient and Modern System of the Arts 17James O. Young 3 Ion 31Plato 4 The Republic 39Plato 5 Symposium 49Plato 6 Poetics 57Aristotle 7 Ennead I, vi 73Plotinus 8 De Musica 81St. Augustine 9 On the Reduction of the Arts to Theology 89St. Bonaventure 10 Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times 95Third Earl of Shaftesbury 11 An Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue 105Francis Hutcheson 12 Of the Standard of Taste 121David Hume 13 Of Tragedy 131David Hume 14 A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful 137Edmund Burke 15 Laocoon 147Gotthold Lessing 16 Critique of the Power of Judgment 155Immanuel Kant Part II: Modern Theories 17 Introduction 199Christopher Janaway and Sandra Shapshay 18 Letters on the Aesthetic Education of Man 205Friedrich Schiller 19 Letter to M. d’Alembert on the Theatre 209J.-J. Rousseau 20 Introductory Lectures on Aesthetics 217G.W.F. Hegel 21 The World as Will and Representation 241Arthur Schopenhauer 22 The Beautiful in Music 281Eduard Hanslick 23 The Birth of Tragedy 287Friedrich Nietzsche 24 What is Art? 299Leo Tolstoy 25 “Psychical Distance” as a Factor in Art and as an Aesthetic Principle 313Edward Bullough 26 Art 331Clive Bell 27 The Principles of Art 341R.G. Collingwood 28 Art as Experience 357John Dewey 29 The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction 379Walter Benjamin 30 The Origin of the Work of Art 397Martin Heidegger 31 Aesthetic Theory 411Theodor Adorno 32 Criteria of Negro Art 423W.E.B. Du Bois 33 Art or Propaganda? 429Alain Locke Part III: Contemporary Aesthetics and Philosophy of Art 34 Introduction 433Stephanie Ross 35 The Artworld 439Arthur Danto 36 What is Art? An Institutional Analysis 449George Dickie 37 “Art” as a Cluster Concept 461Berys Gaut 38 When is Art? 475Nelson Goodman 39 Art and Its Objects 483Richard Wollheim 40 Varieties of Art 497Stephen Davies 41 What a Musical Work Is 513Jerrold Levinson 42 Fictional Characters as Abstract Artifacts 529Amie L. Thomasson 43 Aesthetic Concepts 535Frank Sibley 44 Categories of Art 551Kendall L. Walton 45 The Myth of the Aesthetic Attitude 569George Dickie 46 What is Aesthetic Experience? 581Alan H. Goldman 47 Artistic Value 589Malcolm Budd 48 Beauty Restored 597Mary Mothersill 49 Artistic Worth and Personal Taste 609Jerrold Levinson 50 Style and Personality in the Literary Work 619Jenefer Robinson 51 Criticism and Interpretation 631Noël Carroll 52 The Postulated Author: Critical Monism as a Regulative Ideal 641Alexander Nehamas 53 Artistic Value and Opportunistic Moralism 653Eileen John 54 Emotions in the Music 663Peter Kivy 55 Music and Emotions 673Jenefer Robinson 56 Fearing Fictions 691Kendall L. Walton 57 Transparent Pictures: On the Nature of Photographic Realism 705Kendall L. Walton 58 The Power of Movies 723Noël Carroll 59 Oppressive Texts, Resisting Readers, and the Gendered Spectator: The “New” Aesthetics 737Mary Devereaux 60 Feminist Philosophy of Art 751A.W. Eaton 61 Appreciation and the Natural Environment 767Allen Carlson 62 Everyday Aesthetics 777Yuriko Saito 63 Aesthetic Value, Art, and Food 783Carolyn Korsmeyer 64 Art and Aesthetic Behaviors as Possible Expressions of our Biologically Evolved Human Nature 791Stephen Davies Index 797

AESTHETICS A COMPREHENSIVE ANTHOLOGY The study of aesthetics is among the oldest areas of philosophical inquiry. Philosophers of all global traditions and historical eras have theorized about why we value art, the nature of beauty, and how we make aesthetic judgments and proclamations about works of art, artists, and artistic intent. Aesthetics: A Comprehensive Anthology offers a well-rounded and thorough introduction to Anglo-American analytic aesthetics and the philosophy of art, beginning with the foundations of aesthetic philosophy in ancient tradition and charting a course through to modern art criticism and aesthetic thought. This large collection of over 60 readings balances contemporary commentaries from a wide range of influential thinkers in analytic aesthetics with representative samples of classic primary texts from their historical predecessors, including Plato, Hume, Kant, Nietzsche, and others. Broad in scope, this anthology showcases recent scholarship on the value of art, excerpts from notable continental thinkers, and modern perspectives on feminist philosophy of art which contribute to an inclusive and balanced survey of the field. New to the second edition are contemporary essays which expand the volume's coverage to include the value of art, artistic worth and personal taste, questions of aesthetic experience, and contemporary debates on new theories of art. This edition also incorporates new and more standard translations of Kant's Critique of the Power of Judgment and Schopenhauer's The World as Will and Representation, as well as texts by Rousseau, Hegel, DuBois, Alain Locke, Budd, Robinson, Saito, Eaton and Levinson. Appropriate for both beginning and advanced students of philosophical aesthetics, this thoughtfully curated selection of essays initiates readers into the study of aesthetic thought.