List of Figures Acknowledgments Introduction     The Basics: What Everyone Should Know Most Common Ritualistic, Religious, and Magical Tropes Common Attributes of Ritualistic, Religious, and Magical Material Culture Chapter One: Defining Ritual, Religion, and Magic     Definitions     Magical Agency Chapter Two: Classification and Typology     Creating classification systems     Criteria for Identifying Ritual in Archaeological Contexts Criteria for Identifying Magic in Archaeological Contexts     Witch Bottle Typology     Concealed Cat Typology     Concealed Footwear Typology Gender and Ascribing Usage Chapter Three: Ritual, Religion, and Magic Functions and Devices     Divination     Fertility     Healing Love and Marriage     Maleficium     Mortuary     Propitiation/Immolation     Protection     Success     Treasure Hunting Chapter Four: Ritual, Religion, and Magic by Ethnicity and Religion     African/African American     Ancient World     Arctic-Subarctic/Pacific Northwest     Asian     Australian/South Pacific     European/American     Latin/Mesoamerican Mediterranean/Classical     Middle Eastern/Indian     Native American     Scandinavian     Buddhism     Candomblé     Christianity     Confucianism     Daoism     Hinduism     Islam     Jainism     Judaism     Mormonism     Rastafarianism     Santería-Regla de Ocha     Shinto     Sikhism     Voudou     Zoroastrianism Ritual and Magical Practitioners Chapter Five: Ritual, Religion, and Magic at Particular Site Types     Ceremonial (feasting, food procurement, initiation, military, political)     Conflict (battlefields, fortifications, jails/prisons, prisoner camps/detention centers)     Monumental (burials, cultural markers, guardian statuary, memorials)     Mortuary (burials, cemeteries, cenotaphs)     Mundane/Secular (commercial, domestic, institutional, occupational, public)     Sacred (pilgrimage, religious features, religious structures, sacrifice)     Underwater (inundated sites, plane wrecks and shipwrecks) Chapter Six: Ritualistic, Sacred, and Magical Landscapes     Astronomical Associations and Structures     Cosmological Modeling     Culturally Modified Ecofacts (CMEs) Directional Orientation Elementals Flora & Fauna Geological, Geographical, and Other Natural Markers Light/Dark Seasonality Soundscapes Travel Corridors Viewsheds Vertical/Horizontal Associations Chapter Seven: Ritualistic, Religious, and Magical Material Culture by Material Type and Attribute Ceramic Color Fauna Flora Glass Metal Mineral/Lithic/Soil Numbers Symbols, Designs, and Images Textiles and Clothing Chapter Eight: Sensory Elements in Ritual, Religion, and Magic Affective Auditory Gustatory (Taste) Olfactory Tactility/Haptic Vestibular Vision Chapter Nine: Forms and Templates Burial Site Survey Form Burial Recordation Form Conflict and Battlefield Recordation Form Individual Figurine/Statuary/Figural Vessel Recordation Form Intentionally Concealed Object (ICO) Recordation Form Plant Recordation and Collection Form Quotidian and Occupational Site Recordation Form Religious, Ceremonial, and Formal Ritual Building Recordation Form Ritual Landscape Recordation Form Ritual/Magic Assemblage Recordation Form Rock Art Recordation Form Censors Crosses Figurines Chapter Ten: Technologies, Methodologies, and Analyses     3-D Scanning Accessibility Analysis Botanical Analysis Chemical Residue and DNA Analysis Geophysical Survey Mapping Measuring Photography Chapter Eleven: Resources     Databases     Researchers     Museums & Archives Glossaries     Glossary of Ritualistic, Religious, and Magical Gems and Other Stones Glossary of Ritualistic, Religious, and Magical Plants Glossary of Ritualistic, Religious, and Magical Terms For Further Reading Attribute Analysis Ethnic Studies Artifact Material Types     Sensory and Landscape Studies Mortuary Studies Ritual and Magic Theory General Sources Index