List of Tables and FiguresPreface1 Background and HistoryIntroductionThe History of Protecting RefugeesThe Post-War Human Rights RevolutionThe 1951 Refugee ConventionAlienage"Well-Founded Fear,"PersecutionThe Nexus RequirementExclusionsExceptions to NonrefoulementCessationsRefugee RightsNonrefoulementRights Owed to Refugees Physically Present in the Receiving StateRights Owed to Refugees Lawfully in the Contracting StateRights Owed to Refugees Lawfully Staying in the Contracting StateRights Owed to Refugees Residing in the Contracting StateInterface with International and Regional Human Rights InstrumentsNonrefoulementRacismDetentionEconomic, Social, and Cultural RightsRights of the ChildDomestic ProceduresEstablishing EligibilityDenial of Asylum Hearings and Accelerated ProceduresReturned RefugeesConclusionReferencesBooks, Articles, and ChaptersCases and Administrative Decisions2 Problems, Controversies, and SolutionsAsylum Abuse?United KingdomThe NetherlandsSwedenUnited StatesSummaryNonrefoulement: When (and Where) Does the Prohibition Apply?Sale v. Haitian Centers Council, 509 U.S. 155 (1993)Justice Blackmun's DissentSummaryThe Practices of Other StatesRe-Conceptualizing Human Rights—and Refugee ProtectionThe Responsibility to Protect (R2P)Extraterritorial Obligations (ETO) ConsortiumImplications for Refugee ProtectionReferencesBooks, Articles, and ChaptersCases and Administrative Decisions3 Special U.S. IssuesA Historical Survey of U.S. Alien Admission PracticesThe Cold War, U.S. Foreign Policy, and Refugee ProtectionCurrent Refugee/Asylum Law and Practice in the United StatesOverseas Refugee ProgramCriticisms of ORPAsylum1996 Changes to U.S. Asylum LawAsylum and Withholding of DeportationDisqualificationsDetentionTemporary ProtectionConclusionReferencesBooks, Articles, and ChaptersCases and Administrative Decisions4 Chronology5 Biographical SketchesMahnaz AfkhamiSonya AhoMadeleine AlbrightIsabel AllendeHannah ArendtChristine ArnothyMathangi Maya Arulpragasam (a.k.a. M.I.A.)Bertolt BrechtNadia ComaneciZohra DaoudLeandro DespouyEmmanuel DongalaAriel DorfmanJaroslav DrobnyAlbert EinsteinNawal El SaadawiPhilip EmeagwaliEnrico FermiTenzin GyatsoThich Nhat HanhJóse Ramos HortaMichaëlle JeanWassily KandinskyFazil KawaniMebrahtom KeflezighiAkbar KhurasaniWalter LamRaphael LemkinMiriam MakebaTatyana MamonovaPredrag MatvejevicThabo MbekiGolda MeirMakau MutuaMartina NavratilovaLe Thanh NhonRudolf NureyevEdward SaidNolvia Dominguez SkjetneAleksandr SolzhenitsynGeorge SorosLoung UngAlek WekGao Xingjian6 Data and DocumentsInternational and Regional TreatiesConvention Relating to the Status of RefugeesProtocol Relating to the Status of RefugeesOrganization of African Unity, Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in AfricaCartagena Declaration on RefugeesConvention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or PunishmentData on Asylum Applicants for Selected Western States 2008, 1998, and 19887 Directory of Organizations8 ResourcesPrint ResourcesJournalsImportant Document SourcesReference WorksBooksSelected Articles and EssaysReportsCases and Administrative DecisionsSelected Non-Print ResourcesOnline ResourcesDVD ResourcesGlossaryIndexAbout the Author325

The questionable cost-to-benefit ratio and long-term benefit of the United States' military involvement in Iraq has been a subject of widespread scrutiny debate. But much less attention has been paid to the massive human migration due to the invasion of Iraq, which has caused the displacement of roughly four million individuals.

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