List of Illustrations; Acknowledgements; Prefatory Note; 1. Introductory; Part One; 2. ‘Flame-Images’: Carlyle and the Symbolic Reading of History 3. ‘The Magic Reel’: Metaphor and Reality in The Old Curiosity Shop 4. ‘What the Waves Were Always Saying’: Symbolic Realism in Dombey and Son and David Copperfield 5. ‘Bricked In on All Sides’: Symbolic Exemplification in Bleak House and Hard Times 6. ‘The Prison of This Lower World’: Reality and the Transcendental in Little Dorrit 7. ‘Recalled to Life’: The Christian Myth of A Tale of Two Cities 8. ‘Our Feverish Contact Fly’: Arnold and the Symbol in Retreat; Part Two; 9. ‘Bona Fide Imitation’: Pictorial Realism and Modern Painters 10. ‘The World without Eyelids’: Symbolic Realism and Pre-Raphaelite Painting 11. ‘Things as They Really Are’: Four Pre-Raphaelite Pictures; Part Three; 12. ‘Functional and Mystical’: Architectural Meaning and Puginian Gothic 13. ‘Making the Building Speak’: Symbolism and the Gothic Revival 14. ‘Without Flow or Continuity’: The Architectural Semantic of William Butterfield; Epilogue; Notes; Index